Palestine Liberation Organization
Leader: Yasser Arafat
The PLO: As a "umbrella" of sorts for other different Palestine terrorist organizations, the PLO has performed both military and political actions. Militarily, the organization has been involved in several actions against both Israeli troops and against innocent civilians. Not only has the PLO taken actions against the Israelis, but of many other nationalities. The PLO has denied responsibility for many of their actions.
Organization: The PLO is made up of three bodies, the Executive Committee, exercising central control, the Central Committee, the counsel, and the Palestine National Council, which was earlier the Palestinian people's parliament in exile.
Example of Actions:
November 1985-- Egyptian plane hijacked and forced to land at Malta; 8 killed, 7 injured.
During Egyptian rescue operation; 58 killed, 23 injured.
The PLO: Purpose and Formation
Between 1948 and 1964 the Palestinians had no direction. They were leaderless and unorganized. Their cause was argued for them by others. The Arab states took the lead in fighting against Israel while the Palestinians played a small role. This situation changed after the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was formed in 1964. Organizations that had formed secretly before the PLO united with the group and strengthened the PLO. It later became an "umbrella organization" with which all these groups were associated.
The main goal of these organizations was the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. In the charter of the PLO it says, "Palestine is the homeland of the Arab-Palestinian people; it is an indivisible part of the Arab homeland, and the Palestinian people are an integral part of the Arab nation." The charter declares that the Palestinians have "material, spiritual, and historical connections with Palestine." It denies any ties that the Jews have to Palestine. "Claims of historical or religious ties of Jews with Palestine are incompatible with the facts of history..." The PLO believes that Israel should cease to exist as a Jewish state and be replaced by a Palestinian--Arab state ruled by the PLO. The PLO has tried to achieve this goal through terrorism and armed struggle. The PLO has also publicized the cause of the Palestinians worldwide in order to receive international support for the creation of a Palestinian state. In 1969 Yasser Arafat named chairman of the PLO.
According to Shlaim, the conflict begins during World War 1 when the British made various promises to both Jews and Arabs while simultaneously plotting with the French to divide all the territory into spheres of influence . The British assumed that Palestinians and Jews could leave peaceably in a single state, but Britain's obligation to the Jews could only be met at the expense of the Arab majority. The British carved up the territories under their mandate without regard for religious, ethnic, or linguistic composition of their inhabitants.
On the morning of September 11/2001, 19 terrorist working for the Al Qaeda terrorist organization hijacked four commercial planes. They attempted to fly them into multiple U.S targets. One of the planes, American Airlines, flight 11, crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center at 8:50 a.m. Another plane, United Airlines, flight 175, crashed into the south tower at 9:04 a.m. These tragedies took the lives of nearly 3000 people and affected the lives of millions.
... I believe that Israel must abide by international law, and should be stopped when these laws are violated. I believe that the Palestinians must be given their rights. I fully understand that Israel is extremely concerned about it’s safety as it is mostly surround by enemy’s however I do not believe that the oppression and ultimate control of the Palestinians will bring this safety they long for, but do the very opposite instead.
This marked the beginning of the Palestine armed conflict, one of its kinds to be witnessed in centuries since the fall of the Ottoman Empire and World War 1. Characterized by a chronology of endless confrontations, this conflict has since affected not only the Middle East relations, but also the gl...
Abu Nidal organistation named for its leader Sabri al-Banna who was born in 1937 in a family who lived in a British- ruled Palestine. In 1948 there was a Arab- Israeli war and Banna and his family fled heading towards the west bank. In two years’ time Sabri al-Banna would join the Arab nationalist Baath party in 1950, by the time 1967 came Sabri al-Banna would be involve with the PLO. Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna) was representing al-Fatah who was the dominant group of the PLO, which was led by Yasir Arafat. Abu Nidal left the PLO because of its proposed creation of national authority in west bank and Gaza strip .Abul Nidal is a non-religious international terrorist organization that was sponsored by S...
Nation of Islam Movement “God is black”. All black men belong to Islam; they have been chosen. And Islam shall rule the world” (Baldwin 319). This is the principal message of the Nation of Islam movement. Although the movement has existed since the early 20th century, it gained a lot of momentum in America in the 1960’s, according to African-American essayist and novelist James Baldwin.
Prior to and after WWI the world saw a rise in nationalistic sentiments. The Middle East was not immune to this new ideology. Although Arab Nationalism had a start in the Ottoman Empire, its rise among the masses did not begin until after WWI. While a total rise in Arab Nationalism became apparent on the Arabian Peninsula, a separate nationalist movement began in Palestine as a way to combat a unique and repressive situation. In Palestine the British mandate, along with British support, and the world's support for Zionist immigration into Palestine, caused a number of European Zionists to move into the country. These factors created an agitated atmosphere among Palestinians. Although there was more than one factor in creating a Palestinian-centered Arab Nationalism, the mounting Zionist immigration was among the most prevalent of forces.
September 11, 2001 was a day that Americans and the world for that matter will not soon forget. When two planes went into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and two others went into the Pentagon and a small town in Pennsylvania, the world was rocked. Everyone in the United States felt very vulnerable and unsafe from attacks that might follow. As a result, confidence in the CIA, FBI, and the airlines were shaken. People were scared to fly after what had happened.
Palestine (PFLP) formed in 1967 after the Arab States defeat in the Six Day War and is classified as a Marxist-Leninist group lead by George Habash. The group formed originally started under the authority of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (State, US Department of). The PLO was established three short years before the PFLP due to rising conflicts of the Arab nations in regards to politics and Israel (Robinson). The Popular Front
Since the Arabs were living in Palestine when the Ottoman Empire control it. Since the Arabs defeated the Ottoman Empire with the help of from Germany, “Just short of 6 months the Palestinians were crushed, militarily and psychologically” (document 8) On the other hand, Israel grew beyond the partition lines, gained more defensible borders and they destroyed Arab homes reducing their population. The Palestinians rightly felt that the Israelis were taking over the area and were pushing out of lands promised to them in both the Balfour Declaration and the UN 1947 Partition.
Fatah thinks that they deserve their own home and there goal is to finally get a Palestinian State but they are also willing to negotiate. They have even led to peace-talks resolving the two-state issue. Fatah has major political rivals like Hamas, who won a decisive majority in the Palestinian Parliament. This organization was created with the long-term goal of wresting Palestine from the control of Israel by waging low intensity guerrilla warfare. Fatah has played a very important role in the Arab-Israeli conflict by opposing Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), arguably the largest terrorist group in the world, and promoting an armed struggle against Israel.
The 1950s are illustrate by ongoing skirmishes between Israel and its Arab neighbors; the massive flow of Holocaust survivors to Israel; the acquisition of nuclear reactor by Israel due to its coalition with Britain and French in order to colonize Egypt for its access to the Suez Canal. It is in 1964, following an Arab League decision that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded as a basis for reconstruction of Palestinian politics and institutions. In June 1967, after months of tension, including border clashes, Israel conducts a pre-emptive attack against Egypt and subsequently six days of war, Jewish settlements roughly triples its size. Known as the “Six Day War” it is also recognized as a violation of international law.
This group was created in 1978 and continues to expand its power today. It began as a branch of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood. This terrorist group has several goals ranging from creating a Islamic state to continuing the armed struggle against Israeli occupation of Palestine territories. Their acts of terrorism to date have included suicide bomb attacks against Israeli civilians to attacks on suspected Palestinian collaborators.
When Yasser Arafat addressed the United Nations General Assembly, he tried to articulate the actions the Palestinian Liberation Organization had taken and to justify those actions. Arafat points out that the struggles with Imperialism and Zionism began in 1881 when the first large wave of immigrants began arriving in Palestine. Prior to this date, the Muslims, Jews (20,000) and Christians all cohabitated peacefully (pop. 1/2 million). In 1917, the Belfour Declaration authorized increased immigration of European Jews to Palestine. 1 From 1917 to 1947, the Jewish population in Palestine increased to 600,000 and they rightfully owned only 6% of the Palestinian arable land. Palestine population at this time was now up to 1,250,000. 1
League is located in Cairo, and it is run by a secretary general which is appointed by the