Paints: An Introduction [1]
Paints can be defined as largely organic coatings applied to surfaces to provide both protective and decorative functions. The object of painting is to interpose a film between the substrate and its environment. This is normally achieved by the application of a paint system comprising a number of coats of paints, each one formulated to impart certain characteristics to the overall system.
Paints are applied to a very wide variety of surfaces, which can differ markedly in their physical and chemical characteristics. Such substrates may vary in their quality, that is, the state of deterioration, cleanliness, surface finish, shape, accessibility, and there also may be wide differences in the severity of the service
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Thanks to their flexibility, they possess good resistance against wood swelling and shrinking which might occur under the influence of weather conditions.
PUD Systems:
Water-based polyurethane dispersions (PUD) are a rapidly growing segment of polyurethane (PU) coatings industry due to environmental legislations such as the clean air act and also due to technological advances that made them an effective substitute for the solvent-based analogs. Water-based or waterborne PUD have gained increasing importance in a range of applications, due in large part to properties such as adhesion to a range of substrates, resistance to chemicals, solvents and water, abrasion resistance and flexibility.
Water-based PUD show very good mechanical and chemical properties and match the regulatory pressures for low volatile organic compound (VOC) containing raw paints. The continuous reduction in costs and the control of the VOC emissions are increasing the use of water based resins, motivating the development of PU dispersed in water. PUDs can be used to coat a wide variety of substrates such as footwear adhesives, wood lacquer for floor and furniture, leather finishings, plastic coatings
Fire and thermal properties of PA 66 resin treated with poly-N- aniline- phenyl phosphamide as a flame retardant
Typically, painters applied paint very thinly to economize, because paint was expensive. The physical characteristics of paint was not as important as the picture that the paint was used to
...ist must keep his tools scrupulously clean. The brushes are dipped and wiped throughout the painting session with brush cleaner to keep from contaminating colors with residue from previous paint. Use a beater rack to remove excess thinner from brushes after cleaning them.
Trees are cut down from native, regrowth or plantation forests. The trees are debarked and stripped of their limbs onsite by a special machine. This is then taken to a sawmill where they cut the wood to the correct thickness and length, known as timber. Later this can be treated, dried and shaped as a secondary process.
This report deals with the drying of paint, with the main focus on latex paint. Evaporation and polymerisation are the two main processes in drying paint. These are described and the effects that the environment has on evaporation is discussed. Furthermore, an attempt was made to create a theoretical model to predict the evaporation of paint and an experiment was carried out to test this model. Several plates were prepared with different mixtures and two were coated in paint. The experimental data of the evaporation of water agrees with the theoretical model. The drying of the latex paint however, does not coincide with the theoretical model.
The technique of tempera painting has been used since antiquity. The painting medium is made by mixing powdered pigments with water to create a paste and then combined with an egg yolk which is then applied to a gesso ground. This was a popular technique in Italy, it wasn’t until the 15th Century that oil paint was starting to be used. To create the paint, pigment is mixed with oil. This medium was popular in the Flanders and the Netherlands in the 13th and 14th Centuries because of oil paints range of expressive possibilities. Oil paint was slow drying and more flexible then tempera, it allowed for a detailed application of the paint which meant that the artist was able to manipulate the media to create a range of effects.
When I imagine an artist, I picture a Parisian dabbing at a sprawling masterpiece between drags on a cigarette seated in an extravagantly long holder. He stands amid a motley sea of color, great splashes of vermillion and ultramarine and yellow ochre hiding the tarp on the studio floor. Somehow, not one lonely drop of paint adorns his Italian leather shoes with their pointed toes like baguettes.
The plastic obtained from polyethylene can be pressed into varying shapes, ranging from the simplest to the most complicated. The ethylene market is indirectly driven by the increased polyethylene consumption for the production of several plastic components. In 2011, the global propylene market is valued at more than $ 90 billion and significant growth is anticipated in the coming years. Acrylic fibers and coatings, PVC plasticizers and coatings, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins and propylene polymers are applied on polycarbonates and solvents, that are used in the production of propylene. The automotive industry is the biggest end-user of polypropylene. The enormous expansion of ethylene and propylene production will contribute to the growth of the ethylene and propylene market, along with the rising demand for downstream products from India, China, and the Middle East. Tight environmental regulations, fluctuations in raw material prices and political uncertainties in crude oil producing regions are the main factors limiting the ethylene and propylene market [9].
Before starting, choose the colors, quality and the texture of the paint. As there is a wide variety of colors so choosing and picking any one sometimes becomes difficult. There are also different varieties and qualities of paints available in the market. Some are high quality and some are of low quality. Choosing the high quality paint for the residential property is always advisable because such paints will act as a protective
Although filling and in-painting are separate procedures, they may be considered as highly related processes. They both contribute to the overall integrity of a treated painting. A simple definition for filling, in terms of painting conservation, is the process of ‘the sealing of damage to a picture layer by inserting a filler, that consists of smoothed down or structured substance’ (Nicolaus, 1999, p.235), whereas a filler is a ‘material used to replace missing areas of loss, usually in ground layer’ (The Fine Arts Conservancy, 2006). In addition, in-painting – usually called retouching as an alternative term – may be defined as ‘a restoration process to cosmetically re-establish colour and/or detail to losses in the paint layer; generally accomplished with pigment in an appropriate binding medium applied by brush’ (ibid). Nevertheless, one may find noticeable limitation for the use of the term in-painting in most of the literature while retouching is, so far, very common.
One of the most controversial art styles is known as Graffiti. Depending on the artist, it a work of art can include a minimum of one or two colors to an extraordinary amount of colors. Since this is a taboo form of art and more often completed in secrecy, untraditional use of spray paint is the primary source of paint for such artist; however, there are some cases in which markers, acrylic paint and stencils are used. Therefore, the paint strokes, as opposed to brush strokes, are free formed with no definition and sometimes will consist of “over spray”. Most often, the final piece consists of words, letters, and/or shapes that represent something to the artist. The artist’s canvas is untraditional as well, as it usually consists of train cars, buildings, subway cars, and other forms of public and private property. Graffiti, untraditional and controversial, does not meet the status quo of a typical art piece, as most all of the techniques used are unconventional and outside of the box; however, to some, it is still considered to be an
The painting was done on a large dry stone wall that was first treated with a base or primer. The stone wall was sealed with a layer of pitch, gesso and mastic. From there it was painted with tempera. U...
In my Art for Non-Majors class on April 7th, I listened to my professor talk about what painting is, painting mediums, and Paris museums. Painting is “the application of pigment to a surface.” There was six painting media that my class learned about: Fresco (the art of painting plaster), Encaustic (pigment in a wax vehicle heated to a liquid state), Tempera (ground pigments mixed with a vehicle of egg yolk and thinned with water), oil paint (ground pigments with a linseed oil vehicle and thinned with turpentine), acrylic paint (ground pigment in a plastic vehicle and thinned with water), and watercolor (ground pigments mixed with a gum arabic and thinned with water). We also learned about three Paris museums: The Louvre Museum, Musee d’Orsay,
He recalls a moment at the World Fair where he was suddenly struck and in awe of the beautiful use of, “complete color value,” and, “harmony of color,” that he had not seen before. He was so amazed by this new phenomenon that he wrote, “My eyes were dazzled by the diffused light coming and surrounding me from all sides… I have found in nearly every case where impressionism is mentioned, that the word conveys an idea meaning color vibration.” This use of intense hues was new to the art world because of the addition and creation of new pigments and portable tubes of paint. “The manufacture of paints is a business that has grown from very small beginnings to its present immense proportions,” said author W. R. Bradshaw in 1890 to begin a section of his book detailing all of the advanced ways pigments, paint, and paint tubes were made using new materials and resources from the Industrial Revolution. He also spoke about the key role of machinery and factories, saying, “A glance into the oil mixing room discloses a range of ponderous machinery replete with every modern improvement for mixing oil colors.” Plein air painting was a crucial characteristic of of
For this assignment I am choosing these two paintings: Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and the Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci. These two painting use two different types of paint. Starry Night uses oil painting and the Last Supper uses fresco, each type of paint has a different use and has a different type of look.