Experiment One: Single Component Study Using PVT Simulator
DR. Ebrahim Fathi
PNGE 332
Name: Hamad Alqahtani
Date: 14 September 2017
Cover Letter:
Dear Dr. Ebrahim Fathi,
I conducted a single-component experiment on 31Augest 2017 using the PVT simulator. A PVT simulator is used to analyze the phase behavior of fluids. Phase behavior is used to describe the phases in which a mass of fluid exists in a particular pressure, volume, and temperature (PVT) condition. The purpose of the experiment was to find the bubble point and the dew point of carbon (IV) oxide in different temperatures. In this experiment, they were tested at four different temperatures.
A PVT simulator works by calculating the pressure in psia. Both the volume of the gas and that of the liquid are calculated by this component in cc, in the visual cell. To find the bubble point, mercury is added; and to find the dew point, mercury is removed. The bubble point is when the first gas bubble starts to appear in the cell. The dew point is the last drop of liquid found in the cell when all the liquid has been removed.
At the start of the experiment, the pressure and the volumes of the gas and that of the liquid are always at different points. The temperature of the environment also differs depending on the number of trials that one conducts.
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After opening the valves, the attached measurement read an initial pressure of 2,000 psi. Mercury was then removed with the use of the hand pump until gas started to form. A reading of 0.002 cc in the yellow measurement indicated the gas. This data was collected to be the bubble point. Removal of mercury then continued until the last drop of liquid. At the reading of 0.002 cc, a brown measurement appeared. This was collected to be the dew point of carbon (IV) oxide. This procedure was repeated for trials G1, G3, G5, and G10.The figure below is similar to the one loaded on the screen in every
When the liquid level is above the calibration line on the pipette, remove the bulb quickly and put your thumb or index finger over the pipette. Carefully “roll” finger to the side and allow the liquid to drop until the meniscus is level with the mark. Then hold the pipette over the flask to receive the liquid and remove the finger. Allow the liquid to drain out.
The aim of this experiment is to find out how much gas is given off by
The boiling point of a substance is “the temperature at which the total vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure” (Gilbert & Martin 2011). Boiling point is the point at which the evaporation rate of a given liquid increases as bubbles are formed. The boiling point is usually determined by “reading the thermometer during a simple distillation” (Gilbert & Martin 2011). However for the purposes of this lab, a miniscale method was used to determine the boiling point. This method requires for a liquid to be heated using the apparatus seen in Figure 1. A thermometer is placed just above the liquid at a height where the thermometer is able to measure the vapor temperature of the liquid, not the liquid itself. As the liquid heats, the temperature rises until it reaches an equilibrium where it cannot increase any
The temperatures of both the water used in the bin and of the room were measured and came to be 18°C for the room and 21°C for the bin water, which remained 21°C even at the end of the lab. In kelvins, this comes out to (273.15 + 21) 294.15, 294 K going to three significant digits. The volume at the end of the lab of the gas in the graduated cylinder was 0.400 L when the level of water in the cylinder was level with that of the water in the bin, so equal pressures were acting upon them
Video learning is a learning modality that is highly used in many curriculums and different programs. It can be difficult to find videos that are associated with the class lecture, but it can also provide an opportunity to learn off of errors based on self-recordings. In a study by Giles et al. (2014) , occupational therapy students participated in a lab simulation and were video recorded during the entire process.
The last part of experiment 5, was learning about specific gravity and temperature. Specific gravity does not have any units, it is unitless. When measuring for the temperature, we used a thermometer to calculate the Celsius of the water, 10% sodium chloride, and isopropyl alcohol. The specific gravity uses a hydrometer to measure the gravity of the liquids. Using the hydrometer, to figure out the measurements we have to look at it from top to bottom. The water for specific gravity was .998 while the temperature of it was 24
... error that may be present is inconsistent temperatures. In each of these trials temperature was never measured to make sure the number was actually 21°C. This temperature discrepancy could lead to inaccuracies in finding the mean density.
On a more scientific note I am interested in mechanics of fluids. This interest was enforced last year when I had the opportunity to attend a lecture on fluid mechanics at P&G. At the conference I greatly expanded my knowledge regarding the physical aspect of fluids and their properties. In last year's AS course we have met a topic in this field. I will be applying ideas and knowledge gathered from last year for this investigation.
The system of a Vapor Pressure Thermometers contains both vapor and liquid but it is still considered as a type of gas filled instrument. A bulb is used to store the mixture of both phases, and it is this bulb that is suspended into the medium whose temperature needs to be measured. This bulb is connected to a bourdon tube which measures the vapor pressure of the liquid inside the bulb. The basic physics behind this thermometer is that exposing the bulb to higher temperatures increases the vapor pressure of the liquid inside the bulb making the bourdon tube needle to depict a higher pressure reading and vice-versa. The bourdon tube readings can be calibrated and converted to the temperature readings using equations of state.1
The bubbles forms become more spread out when the pressure drop increases because the pressure acting on the holes of the sieve trays causes to push the bubbles against the other bubbles.
Variables There are three small experiments in this report and the variables and constants are:- Nr. Variable Constant 1 The humidity of the air The temperature of the surroundings The luminosity The time allowed for woodlouse to settle The number of woodlouse 2 The temperature of the air The humidity of the air The luminosity The time allowed for woodlouse to settle
Third, the liquid will enter to the expansion valve with the higher pressure and leaves with the low pressure.
Fundamentally, each compound has its vapor pressure. In this case, the water’s vapor pressure at 100 C is 760 mmHg, which is equal to the atmospheric pressure, and eugenol’s vapor pressure at 100 C is 4 mmHg. Eugenol’s vapor pressure contributes to the vapor pressure of the mixture. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation (ln (P1 / P2) = (ΔH / R) (1/T2 - 1/T1)), the temperature at which water boils in the partial vacuum of 4 mmHg was determined, which is less than 99.8
middle of paper ... ... (i) Average air pressure, (ii) Average Humidity (iii)Average air temperature 20degrees centigrade (iv) Situated on a wooden table These should cause the (3) I will disregard any anomalous results. (4) I will make sure that all measurements are made accurately by using a millimetre ruler To make the results more reliable I will repeat each variable three times and then take an average to form my results Predictions My predictions are based on the findings from the experiments carried out by Charles I predict that there will be a direct relationship between the volume of the air bubble and the temperature. In quantities terms, terms I think that the volume will increase directly proportionally to the temperature (e.g. by doubling the temperature it will also double the volume).
Before conducting my experiment I will research into, amongst other things, the factors that affect the rate of a reaction. This is so that I may enough information to understand the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction and also gain appropriate understanding to make a suitable prediction as to what the outcome of my experiment will be.