PROGRESSIVE, STATIVE AND DYNAMIC VERBS
THE PROGRESSIVE FORMS OF A VERB INDICATE THAT SOMETHING IS HAPPENING or was happening or will be happening. When used with the past, the progressive form shows the limited duration of an event: "While I was doing my homework, my brother came into my room." The past progressive also suggests that an action in the past was not entirely finished. (Compare "I did my homework." to "I was doing my homework.") This is even more evident in the passive progressive construction: "He was being strangled in the alley" suggests an action that was not finished, perhaps because the act was interrupted by a good citizen, whereas the simple past "He was strangled in the alley" suggests an action that was finished, unfortunately.
A neat categorization of the uses of the progressive can be found on the page describing the "To Be" Verb.
The progressive forms occur only with dynamic verbs, that is, with verbs that show qualities capable of change as opposed to stative verbs, which show qualities not capable of change.* For instance, we do not say, "He is being tall" or "He is resembling his mother" or "I am wanting spaghetti for dinner" or "It is belonging to me." (We would say, instead: "He is tall," "He resembles his mother," "I want spaghetti," and "It belongs to me.") The best way to understand the difference between stative and dynamic verbs is to look at a table that lists them and breaks them into categories and then to build some sentences with them, trying out the progressive forms to see if they work or not.
These categories and lists are derived from Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum's A University Grammar of English (used with the publisher's permission).
DYNAMIC VERBS
Activity Verbs I am begging you. I was learning French. They will be playing upstairs..Virtually identical in meaning to simple tense forms:I beg you. I learned French. They will play upstairs. abandonaskbegcalldrink eathelplearnlistenlook at playrainreadsayslice throwwhisperworkwrite
Process VerbsThe corn is growing rapidly. Traffic is slowing down.Virtually identical in meaning to simple present tense forms:The corn grows rapidly. Traffic slows down. changedeteriorate growmature slow down widen
Verbs of Bodily Sensation "I feel bad" and "I am feeling bad" are virtually identical in meaning. ache feel hurt itch
Transitional Events Verbs Progressive forms indicate the beginning of an event,as opposed to the simple present tense."She was falling out of bed [when I caught her]" as opposed to "She falls out of bed every night.
The Populists and Progressive were form of movement that occurred during the outbreaks of the workers union after the civil war. The populists began during the late 1800s.The progressive began during the 1900s. There are many differences between these two movements, but yet these movements have many things that are similar.
A progressive president is one that modernized the United States in a way that brought them to a new level. They used new styles of the presidency that helped them get the job done, like addressing the people of the country and letting them know what is going on.. These presidents had to walk the fence in many cases. By this I mean be on the people or consumers side and also had to be on the big business' side. In the early 1900's the position of the presidency took a turn towards modernism.
...did not exist in his school. However, although the emphasis of education returns to traditional way such as using less flexible curriculum, teaching basic subjects, various tasting and narrow choosing, we still notice the ideas of progressive education remain part of our educational scene such as teaching progressively. Compared to his experience, I find the education had a progress in the past forty years. Nowadays, high school students have more flexible curriculum, lots of social activities and more choices based on their interest. The ideas of progressive education are perfect in theory, but we cannot abandon traditional education. Without scientists such as Einstein, Tesla in 20th century, we would not have good life today. We should not only educate students based on traditional method, but also use some progressive ideals to train students more creative.
Traditionally, the use of the subordinating conjunction “as” indicates the intention of the writer to highlight the aspect of time in relation to the main clause of the sentence. In addition, the use of the present progressive tense in this clause tells the read...
Lewelling, Vickie W., and Washington, DC. ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics. Official English And English Plus: An Update. ERIC Digest. 1997. ERIC. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.
Progressive tax systems allow for a number of adjustments to taxable income, such as exemptions, deductions, and tax credits. These can be used to provide additional relief to low-income citizens, or to encourage certain types of behavior, such as business investment, higher education or purchasing a home.
While the story was told, there were many pauses while the storyteller tried to remember details of the haunting. She made few gestures; the majority of the story involves separate actions performed by the ghost without a constant plot. This fragmented tale left little in the form of suspense and presented the tale as a factual occurrence and not merely a performance being put on by the teller.
The transitional phrases lead the reader into the next paragraph by maintaining their attention with concepts from the previous one.
Firstly, a pragmatic progressive educator believes that schooling should promote the future ability for students to learn, as well as the belief that children should learn how to problem solve in a way that connects to their personal
Which was free the pupil from regulations and authority in the schoolroom. By doing this the dread of failure was eliminated; the curriculum was adjusted to match the mental thought power of the average student. Classes were grouped by age, social status rather than by mental preparedness and also allowing classes to advance at their own rate of progress. Traditional education states school is a preparation for life, whereas Progressive Education says school is only a part of life. Teachers have different roles to perform in each type of educating. Progressive Education declares teachers are leaders that guide the students to do their own thinking of a situation through play and social interaction. Traditional Education implies teaching consists of lectures, worksheets to be informative with strict discipline. Students are required to sit and listen while the teacher discusses the text. Progressive Education is driven by inquiry generated by the student and assessed mainly by benchmarks. The contrast is the traditional way that is straight-forward; based solely on correct answers and is grade oriented. The results of both types of education produced controversial dispute. Both approaches produced some failure. However, new and better ideas were tried. The country has gone mainly with Progressive Education with the idea of producing free and original productive citizens contributing to the good of the country. This thought pattern removed all restrictions from the lives of public school students. It gave the teachers the responsibility of developing the curriculum. Teachers are split on which way of educating is the best. According to William Owen, a lifetime teacher, “Under Progressive Education, authoritative sources and control were lost.” He also said “Original thinking came first over textbooks which became second and discipline became a problem.”(14-15, 53-55)
to the reader. By doing this, the author opens up lots of verbs to be
My own Philosophical Orientation is a mix of Progressive and Humanistic. I like both concepts which include, problem solving, experience based education, lifelong learning, experimental learning, feelings, interactive, and openness. I feel both concepts will help Adult Educators and Adults learners find success and become well-rounded individuals in our society.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson, 2007.
Following secondary school some student head straight into the work force, while others attend college. Therefore, while in grade school, not only is content important, but preparation for the real world .Progressive teachers goals are to educate the student intellectually while working to make them good people in our society. Being a mentor rather than a boss and allowing student some control over how they learn is an important part of progressivism. Progressive learning is also about critical thinking, social skills, personal experience and lifelong learning. Relating your real life experiences to learning is a way of progressivism. Learning is rooted in the questions of learners that arise through experiencing the world.(Cohen & Gelbrich, 1999). As a student real life has always been a learning tool, and is something I will use as an educator. There is always something you like over something else; relating what you don’t like to what you like can make learning more interesting. As a second grader, I did not like grammar but I loved learning all the word to my favorite songs. We used a learning tool called Shirley Method, where grammar and sentenced parts were put into songs. This helped me engage more and retain the knowledge.
North, S. (2012), 'English a Linguistic Toolkit' (U214, Worlds of English), Milton Keynes, The Open University.