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Epidemiological studies importance
Epidemics and pandemics in human history paper
Introduction of epidemic essay
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If there was an outbreak of a disease in your city, who would you want to be there? Personally, I would want an epidemiologist there. An epidemiologist would be able to solve the transmission of the disease and cure it. An epidemiologist would definitely be the one to be at the outbreak of a disease. Epidemiology is a very important study and is very important scientists.
Epidemiology is the study of public health. They study the distribution of frequencies and patterns of health events. They study these in groups of population. They attempt to search for causes or factors association with risk of disease. They deal with multiple groups of people at a single time to better study the disease. This type of scientific study aids in developing interventions to control and prevent health problems. Using all these factors they can determine what causes the disease and work on a cure for it. An epidemiologist asks many questions such as who, what, when, where, and why.
There are many different types of studies. There are experimental, observational, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional, cohort, and prospective. An experimental study is where the scientists have control over all the circumstances. An observational study is where scientists do not have control over the circumstances. Analytical studies rely on comparisons between groups of people to determine what causes the problem. Cross-sectional studies define who is to be studied and then collects information about the disease. A Cohort study selects population according to exposure to the disease. In the Cohort studies, the outcome is determined by calculating the relative risk. The relative risk is calculated by examining the relationship between the exposure to the disease and ...
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...blic health emergency
April 29, 2009- first person to die in the United States from swine flu
May 5, 2009- second person to die from swine flu just days after giving birth
May 11, 2009- the third death from swine flu occurs and the disease is spreading rapidly
May 27, 2009- 13000 cases of swine flu reported in 48 different countries
June 2009- 18000 cases of swine flu reported
November 2009- 48 states had the virus
August 10, 2010- World Health Organization declared an end to the epidemic
Works Cited
"An Introduction to Epidemiology." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Nov. 2004. Web. 17 Dec. 2013.
"John Snow - a Historical Giant in Epidemiology." John Snow - a Historical Giant in Epidemiology. UCLA, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.
"Timeline: 2009 Swine Flu Outbreak." Msnbc.com. NBCnews.com, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013.
Unlike the influenza virus that many are familiar with today, this form of the virus targeted -- and killed -- the young and healthy. This to me was an interesting fact as it is more common that viruses affect those who are elderly, pregnant, under the age of five, or suffer from chronic conditions. Although they did mention in the video that those who were pregnant died just as fast those who were young and healthy. The thing that got me is that they said they were unsure as to why the pregnant were dying just as fast. Using what I have learned throughout my semesters in college, it seems to me that these women were dying because of the s...
Public health is a vast field that encompasses many issues. Generally speaking, it deals with the safety and protection of people in a society as well as education
study I am going to go into detail about the epidemiology, discuss the signs and
"Pandemic Flu History." Home. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, n.d. Web. 23 Mar.
In 1918 to 1919 a flu pandemic broke out known as the Spanish flu. A majority of the people who caught this illness passed on quickly. Others passed on from complications caused by bacteria. An estimated twenty to forty percent of the world’s population contracted the illness.
Many epidemiologists usually specialize in one or more of the following specific fields, substance abuse, bioterrorism, injury, chronic disease, or infectious disease. Even though there are different areas of epidemiology that are available, they all
Heymann, D. (2004). Control of Communicable Diseases Manual.18th edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
The first notable case of epidemiologic investigation occurred in London in 1854. A British physician named John Snow surveyed townspeople and analysed data to determine that cholera was the result of polluted drinking water. (Schneider, 2014 p. 48). This technique is a common practice for epidemiologists. When an epidemic erupts, they will survey the infected to determine similarities and narrow down the search, and then collect samples in the field to pinpoint the
According to CDC, no one knows exactly how many people die from the flu infection each year. There are four main reasons for this. First of all, states are not required to report influenza related deaths that are older than the age of 18. Second, se...
...s - Fact Sheet." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 Feb. 2011. Web. 08 Apr. 2014.
Currently, one cannot explore the news without coming across the topic of the swine flu, scientifically known as H1N1. Swine flu is a respiratory infection derived from the influenza virus. The virus contains genetic materials from human, swine, and avian flu viruses. It was first identified in spring 2009, and since then has spread rapidly across the globe. The infection’s spread has been verified as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. As soon as the swine flu virus was isolated, scientists quickly developed a swine flu vaccine. Four vaccines have been approved by the FDA for the prevention of the swine flu. The vaccines will be ready for distribution in October 2009. Now the question is: To vaccinate, or not to vaccinate? Millions of people are now preparing to answer this question.
In an effort to analyze the natural history of a disease, an epidemiological triangle is used. An epidemiological triangle is comprised of a susceptible host or individual, environment, and a causative agent. The host tends to have low immunity, poor nutrition, and a concurrent disease. The host tends to have poor
In the 1960s, doctors in the United States predicted that infectious diseases were in decline. US surgeon Dr. William H. Stewart told the nation that it had already seen most of the frontiers in the field of contagious disease. Epidemiology seemed destined to become a scientific backwater (Karlen 1995, 3). Although people thought that this particular field was gradually dying, it wasn’t. A lot more of it was destined to come. By the late 1980s, it became clear that people’s initial belief of infectious diseases declining needed to be qualified, as a host of new diseases emerged to infect human beings (Smallman & Brown, 2011).With the current trends, the epidemics and pandemics we have faced have created a very chaotic and unreliable future for mankind. As of today, it has really been difficult to prevent global epidemics and pandemics. Although the cases may be different from one state to another, the challenges we all face are all interconnected in this globalized world.
Discussions throughout this essay will focus on the relevance of epidemiology to public health; firstly the concepts of epidemiology will be discussed alongside two examples of why epidemiology is relevant in the 21st century.
Taylor P., (2003), the lay contribution to public health in: Public health for the 21st century. Buckingham Open University Press, Buckingham, 2003, pp 128 – 144.