Trigeminal nerve is among the twelve pairs of cranial nerves and is the principle sensory nerve of the head. Cranial nerves pass through the foramina of various cranial bones. These nerves are a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The cranial nerves are designated by a number (Roman numeral) and a name.
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and emerges from the brainstem (along with the other cranial nerves viz. cranial nerves III-XII). It is the largest of all the cranial nerves and has two roots on the ventrolateral side of the pons. The bigger sensory root of the trigeminal nerve has a swelling known as trigeminal ganglion, and it contains 170 000 fibers. It is located on the fossa of the inner surface of the temporal bone. This ganglion lies at a depth of 4.5 to 5.0 cm from the lateral surface of the head deep to the posterior end of the zygomatic arch surface. It is believed that there may exist a contact or compression of the sensory root either superior or anterior-inferior cerebellar arteries or pontine branches of the basilar artery. The fibers in this root are axons of the cells present in the trigeminal ganglion. The small motor root originates from a nucleus in the pons and includes about 7700 fibers (Tortora and Grabowski 478 & Moore and Dalley 857)
BRANCHES OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE
Trigeminal nerve originates from the three sensory nuclei. The nuclei are mesencephalic, spinal nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, the principal sensory and one motor nucleus which pull out from the midbrain to the medulla. At pons level, the sensory nuclei merge to form the sensory root. The motor nucleuses prolong to form the root that is equivalent to the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord.
In middle cran...
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...n between the ear and the vertex.
Jaw jerks: It is exaggerated in the case of the lesion above the trigeminal motor nucleus in the pons.
Herpes Zoster: When the virus is present in the trigeminal ganglia, it results in painful vesicular rash (Wilkinson and Lennox 122).
Works Cited
Moore, K. L. and Dalley, A. F. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Pennsylvania, 1999. Print.
Snell, R. S. Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Pennsylvania, 2000. Print.
Tortora, G. J. and Grabowski, S. R. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley and Sons Inc.: New Jersey, 2003. Print.
Wilkinson, I. and Lennox, G. Essential Neurology. Blackwell Publishing: Massachusetts, 2005. Print.
Williams, P. L. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery. Churchill Livingstone: London, 1999. Print.
The Beauty of Bodysnatching written by Burch Druin is a fascinating biography of Astley Cooper, an English Surgeon, and Anatomist, who gained worldwide fame in support of his contribution to Vascular Surgery and a further area of expertise. The extract gives a reflective insight into Cooper’s contribution to study of Anatomy and medicine. Cooper enjoyed the job of body snatching, which helped him to conduct a series of discoveries that were important for the future study and understanding of Physiology. In the Romantic era, when prettiness or horror was a sensitive matter and extensive concern at that time many physicians discouraged surgery, but Cooper passionately practiced it.
Purpose- To identify the functions of the cranial nerve of the peripheral nervous system such as the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and the hypoglossal nerves. I will examine these functions with a series of behavior tests on my partner who is Jazmine Cooley to see if all nerves are functioning properly and if they are not, then this will be considered an identified dysfunction of a cranial nerve which is a diagnosis.
Snell, Richard S: Clinical Neuroanatomy for Medical Students. Little, Brown, and Company, Boston, 1957, pp. 220--222.
present in the cell bodies of the facial nerve in persons who do not have
Marieb, E. N., (2006). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings.
“One example of acquire peripheral neuropathy is trigeminal neuralgia (also known as tic doulcunex), in which the damage to the trigeminal nerve (the largest nerve of the head and face) causes episodic attacks of excruitiating, lightning-like pain on one side of the face” (Peripheral Neuropathy Fact Sheet).
Dendrites are located on either one or both ends of a cell.The peripheral nervous system then takes the sensory information from the outside and sends the messages by virtue of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that relay signals through the neural pathways of the spinal cord. The neurotransmitter chemicals are held by tiny membranous sacs located in the synaptic terminals. Synaptic terminals are located at the ends of nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitters from their sacs is stimulated once the electrical nerve impulse has finished travelling along a neuron and reaches the synaptic terminal. Afterward, neurotransmitters travel across synapses thus stimulating the production of an electrical charge that carries the nerve impulse onward. Synapses are junctions between neighboring neurons. This procedure is reiterated until either muscle movement occurs or the brain picks up on a sensory reaction. During this process, messages are being transmitted from one part of the body onto the next. The peripheral and central nervous system are two crucial subdivisions of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous
Andreas Vesalius was well known for his dissections in the 1500’s. Growing up in Brussels he was captivated by the anatomy of animals. Throughout his childhood Andreas dissected many small animals trying to uncover life’s mystery. This curiosity regarding anatomy came very naturally, due to the fact that he was born into a family of physicians. Vesalius started his formal education at the University of Louvain; then traveled to Paris to continue his studies in medicine. During his life time, Vesalius was an accomplished physician, and professor of anatomy. He also received his degree as a doctor of medicine at the age of twenty-two. Vesalius writings and teachings set the foundation of anatomy we know today, hence why he received the title; founder of modern anatomy.
Mink Intro – External Anatomy Overview. (n.d.). mreroh.com . Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.mreroh.com/student/apdocs/Dissection/Intro%20-%20External%20Anatomy.pdf
Weston, M. D. Know Your Body: The Atlas of Anatomy. Berkeley, CA: Marshall Cavendish Books Limited, 2005
stimuli, according to Brannstroms Hydrodynamic Theory. Anatomically, the areas of the tubules closer to the pulp activates the nerves associated with the odontoblasts at the end of the tubule, resulting in pain response.
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New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - 2013. The. Anatomy of the Central Nervous System. Pictures and Information on eMedicineHealth.com.
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