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Overcrowding of prisons theory
Overcrowding of prisons theory
Prison Overcrowding
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Overcrowding In Prisons Boon Or A Curse Introduction I begin by presenting a brief description of the historical circumstances, which gave rise to the overcrowding of prison in and all around the world. Next follows conceptual analysis of the causes of these historical circumstances and than we will be paying close attention to the consequences and solutions of the over population of the prisons. The increasing uncontrolled growth of prisons by the prisoners has received a huge amount of attention by the scholars. The research findings studying and overlooking of the imprisonment policies had mainly had their focus on prison construction. The studies that are presently going on is on focusing the various laws (Schoon & Guetzkow, 2015). Recently …show more content…
Thus these two bodies due to various reasons and consequences have determined future of prisons. References Guetzkow, J., & Schoon , E. (2015). If you build it, they will fill it: The consequences of prisons overcrowding litigations. Law & society reviews , 49(2) , 401-432. doi: 10. 1111/lasr. 12140. Newman, W. J., & Scott , C. L. (2012). Brown V. Plata: Prison overcrowding in California. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and the law online , 40(4), 547. Paleremo , G. B. (2011). Jail and prison overcrowding and rehabilitation justice programs. International journal of offenders therapy and comparative criminology 55(6), 843-845. doi: 10.1177 10306624X11416091. Pitts , J. M. A., Griffin , O.H., & Johnson , W.W. (2014) Contemporary prison overcrowding: Short term fixes to perpetual problem. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(1) , 124-139. doi: 10.1080/10282580. 2014. 883844. Skarbek, D. (2012). Prison gangs, norms and organization. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(1), 96-109. doi: 10.
Shapiro, David. Banking on Bondage: Private Prisons and Mass Incarceration. Rep. New York: American Civil Liberties Union, 2011. Print.
Vogel, Nancy. “Rehab in Prison Can Cut Cost, Report Says; Crowding Exacerbates High Recidivism Rate by Denying Inmates Useful Treatment, Experts Find.” Los Angeles Times: 0. Jun 30 2004. Proquest. Web. 24 Feb 2014
Prison gangs are originally formed by inmates as a way of protecting themselves from the other inmates. These gangs have turned out to be violent and thus posing a threat to security. This paper will have a look at the different gangs in prisons, their history, beliefs and missions, and the differences and similarities in these gangs.
Drago, F., Galbiati, R. & Vertova, P. (2011). Prison conditions and recidivism. American law and economics review, 13 (1), pp. 103--130.
The overpopulation in the prison system in America has been an on going problem in the United States for the past two decades. Not only does it effect the American people who are also the tax payers to fund all of the convicts in prisons and jails, but it also effects the prisoners themselves. Family members of the prisoners also come into effect. Overpopulation in prison cause a horrible chain reaction that causes nothing but suffering and problems for a whole bunch people. Yet through all the problems that lye with the overpopulation in prisons, there are some solutions to fix this ongoing huge problem in America.
Shapiro & Wizner (2011). Better Ways to End Prison Overcrowding Than Just Releasing Inmates, 1-4.
Howard, John. “The Effects of Prison Overcrowding.” P.A.T.R.I.C.K. Crusade. N.a., May 2002. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
California’s prison system has been a hot topic for the better part of the past two decades. In 2006, it was estimated that California’s prison system was at 200 percent of its capacity (“California”). This severe overcrowding not only affects those in the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), both inmates and staff, but it also affects society as a whole. Inmate’s rights are being violated due to the overcrowding and the taxpayers are being left to foot the bill for a system that is falling apart from within. Too many people think that the solution to this problem is to simply build more prisons.
In The Modern Prison Paradox, Amy Lerman examines the negative consequences of modern imprisonment on those who are locked up as well as those whose jobs is it to monitor and supervise. She also examines the consequences of concentration high number of ex-prisoners in certain communities. She argues that imprisonment has a negative consequence for crime control, for the people that work in prisons and for American community’s wellbeing.
“Over Population of the Prison System and Economic Costs.” EconomicPapers.net. 2013. Web. 4 December 2013. http://www.economicspapers.net/over-population-of-the-prison-system-and-economic-costs.html
Overcrowding is one of the predominate reasons that Western prisons are viewed as inhumane. Chapman’s article has factual information showing that some prisons have as many as three times the amount of prisoners as allowed by maximum space standards. Prison cells are packed with four to five prisoners in a limited six-foot-by-six-foot space, which then, leads to unsanitary conditions. Prisons with overcrowding are exposed to outbreaks of infectious diseases such as, tuberculosis and hepatitis.
Overcrowding in our state and federal jails today has become a big issue. Back in the 20th century, prison rates in the U.S were fairly low. During the years later due to economic and political factors, that rate began to rise. According to the Bureau of justice statistics, the amount of people in prison went from 139 per 100,000 inmates to 502 per 100,000 inmates from 1980 to 2009. That is nearly 261%. Over 2.1 million Americans are incarcerated and 7.2 million are either incarcerated or under parole. According to these statistics, the U.S has 25% of the world’s prisoners. (Rick Wilson pg.1) Our prison systems simply have too many people. To try and help fix this problem, there needs to be shorter sentences for smaller crimes. Based on the many people in jail at the moment, funding for prison has dropped tremendously.
In the United States, there are about 500 prisoners for every 100,000 residents. So, it is no surprise that our country has the highest incarceration rate in the world. In my opinion, this statistic would be lower if the prisons were tougher, making the prisoners scared to come back. The punishments used in our country’s prisons today are far more lenient than they used to be. In this paper, I will discuss what prison should be like, the goals of prison, and the differences between two American prison models (Pennsylvania and Auburn) and their benefits and drawbacks. This paper will also explain which model was more successful and why.
The origin of the word prison comes from the Latin word to seize. It is fair to say that the traditionally use of prison correspond well with the origin of the word; as traditionally prison was a place for holding people whilst they were awaiting trail. Now, centuries on and prisons today is used as a very popular, and severe form of punishment offered to those that have been convicted. With the exception however, of the death penalty and corporal punishment that still takes place in some countries. Being that Prison is a very popular form of punishment used in today's society to tackle crime and punish offenders, this essay will then be examining whether prison works, by drawing on relevant sociological factors. Furthermore, it will be looking at whether punishment could be re-imagined, and if so, what would it entail?
The first issue that I would like to address is the overcrowding issues in prisons. In my opinion, overcrowding issues are the biggest issues in our correctional system that concerns every citizen. Running a prison required money, resources and manpower, with overcrowding issues, the government would have no choice but to increase the number of correctional facilities, privatized prisons and increasing manpower. According to (Levitt, 1996), “The incarceration rate in the United States has more than tripled in the last two decades. At year-end 1994 the United States prison population exceeded one million. Annual government outlays on prisons are roughly $40 billion per year. The rate of imprisonment in the United States is three to four times greater than most European countries.” (p.1). Overcrowding issues are not only affect prisons but the society as a whole as well. The reason is simply because prison population directly refl...