1. Introduction
Ever since the EARTH SUMMIT (United Nations event) was launched at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the year 1992, the concept of sustainability has exerted significant influence on policy at regional levels. Sustainable urban development has also become an influential localized strategy for global sustainability. Mumbai, an prominent city and which has taken numerous vital steps towards the development of the city’s growth and need and the concept of sustainable development, which has become a priority in modern scenario. Are these measures enough to sustain in these cities beyond the depletion of fossil fuels?
Energy transition priorities
Post oil era in India would be very challenging and unpredictable, especially the cities and sub urban areas around the state capitals. The obstacles of these settlements are enormous compared to the rural areas. Mumbai, is being the financial capital of the country will face the stiff challenge, and the repel effect of its meltdown during post-oil era. To overcome the hurdle we need to focus how to sustain ourselves after vaporizing the fossil fuels.
In 1930’s only 1/10th of the population lived in cities, now over 50 percent of the world’s population lives in cities. We live in a hyper-connected world; ‘GLOBALIZATION’ is the word of the day. What happens in one city really influences another city. During the age of cheap oil these cities and urban centers have grown rapidly, and now, it’s consuming more than 75 percent of world’s energy and emitting 80 percent of the world’s greenhouse gases.
“By 2020, the towns and cities of the developing world will make up 80% of urban humanity”
Urbanization, which is largely due to natural increase, is unavoidable. Nevertheless, the gr...
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...tire process of the revenue model is incorporated within the site. Thus, making the community self-sustainable.
6. Conclusion
These radical changes in the city atmosphere will create fear among the urban dwellers. However, the changes have to take place if we are looking for a sustainable future. Overcoming the fear of change would be hard, but we got no options. The more we delay acting. The consequences would be inevitable. These changes have to take place on its own course according to the topographic conditions and culture of the city. We can't apply all the technologies in all the cities. We need to respond to the present conditions, and we need to consider the developments over the years. Drafting a master plan in phases should have a symbiotic relationship with the existing urban fabric and adaptations of new technologies should not have a negative impact.
Mike Davis in his book Planet of Slums, discusses the Third World and the impact globalization and industrialization has on both urban and poverty stricken cities. The growth of urbanization has not only grown the middle class wealth, but has also created an urban poor who live side by side in the city of the wealthy. Planet of Slums reveals astonishing facts about the lives of people who live in poverty, and how globalization and the increase of wealth for the urban class only hurts those people and that the increase of slums every year may eventually lead to the downfall of the earth. “Since 1970 the larger share of world urban population growth has been absorbed by slum communities on the periphery of Third World cities” (Davis 37). Specifically,
This is due to the concern for urban development vision that takes consideration of material well-being as well as depends on more pluralistic, cooperative and welfare provision rather than the state-centered model. However, the communicative model and new urbanism theories are still applicable by extracting both strengths which allow planners to be more skillful in being a medium to negotiate and persuade participants as well as to produce realistic and attractive urban design in future development projects. In my opinion, the planning theory should be flexible so that it could be adapt with any urban changes due to the development trend that usually differs from time to time. Planners should also be more critical in choosing the best alternative to adapting better planning theory in implementation of planning practices.
Reliance on major non-renewable resources has had, and continues to have detrimental effects on the environment. These resources found in the earth are mined and drilled so that people around the world can benefit from their use. For example, the majority of Americans, and most of the world’s population, uses gasoline to fuel their vehicles in order to commute back and forth from one place to another and gas to heat the homes in which they spend the bulk of their time. With the world’s population consistently growing, the amount of vehicles on the roadways increases therefore causing the amount of fuel being used to increase. The same goes for planes and ships that transport people greater distances, whether it be from Virginia to California, or the United States to China. The carbon emissions released pose a threat to the global climate (“Fossil”). Not only does the emission of fossil fuels hinder earth’s atmosphere, but the availability of the non-renewable resources used daily is also shrinking. Though the United States may not be greatly affected by the environmental dangers, other countries continuously struggle with locating drinkable water, maintaining consistent levels of agricultural produce and...
The desperate plight of the environment should by all means be the first priority for every single government and person on this planet. With today’s common knowledge of what might happen in the near future if significant changes aren’t made in the lifestyle of most people it’s hard to understand why 70 million cars continue to vomit their poison into the air everyday. All around the world environmental activists fight to preserve our patches of rain forests and wetlands, as well as protect a variety of fragile but important ecosystems. In all major cities, advocates of environmental conservation annually propose plans with alternative modes of transportation and energy-efficient appliances that will every citizen would be mandated to use. Even if instituted gradually, these ch...
According to Pope Francis, “Any harm done to the environment, therefore, is a harm done to humanity” (UNDISPATCH, 2016), but it can imply that people should attend in sustainability in a long term. A sustainable city is developing and providing the things that society need without a negative effect on the next generation. Reference Framework for Sustainable Cities (RFSC), which consists of economy, society and environment, is one of the methods to help a city to approach with sustainability. However, these have to generate or balance with each other (Pearson, 2015). Toronto is one of the cities that have made progress in becoming a sustainable city.
It consumes the farms, forests, wetlands, and prairies around cities. Sprawling development depends on cars and trucks to move people and goods, which results in more vehicles emitting pollutants into the atmosphere. Ultimately, these pollutants cause respiratory and other illnesses that are painful to individuals, costly to the health system and can lead to premature death. Urban Sprawl, because it requires so much automotive transportation, is heavily dependent on energy consumption from the fossil fuels that produce GHGs. But, sprawl does not have to be Canada’s urban future.
Cities all over the world are developing. As war ended in 1942, a significant number of people move to the city because they want to improve life. This urbanization process is causing a number of problems and should be met by sustainable development policies. In the beginning, it is important to know the definition of sustainable development. There are some definitions for sustainable development, but simply they say that sustainable development is a development which using resources now and preserving them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p.137). This concept has been agreed internationally at a Rio Conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies which mostly known as “Agenda 21” principles (Adams, 1999, p.141). This paper will show that traffic jams and housing problems caused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solutions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems.
The modification can be the likes of Demographics which is to be known as an increase in median income, a decline in the proportion of racial minorities, and a reduction in household size, as low-income families are replaced by young singles and couples in the cities especially central points; Real Estate Markets of which is Large increases in rents and home prices, increases in the number of evictions, conversion of rental units to ownership and new development of luxury housing. Therefor it even affect the Land Use whereby u will see a decline in industrial uses, an increase in office or multimedia uses, the development of live-work “lofts” and high-end housing, retail, and restaurants. Even the Culture and Character changes or become affected where by will see by the evident of New ideas about what is desirable and attractive, including standards (either informal or legal) for architecture, landscaping, public behaviour, noise, and
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
In this regard, city authorities all over the world are increasingly adopting energy efficiency measures in a quest to become sustainable into the future. Consequently, this has led to the emergence of the term ‘green cities’ (Aulisi & Hanson, 2004). New York City, viewed by many as an urban, concrete jungle, was recently named the “greenest city" in the United States. This is mainly because most of its residents live in energy-efficient buildings, and use public transport, bicycl...
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
In a world where over half of the human population calls a city their home, the need to restructure and revolutionize the way we design our urban environments has never been greater. Currently, the notion that these vast metropolises of metal, concrete, and sludge could one day be fully realized pillars of sustainability is certainly laughable. However, when these same cities are constantly growing and multiplying across the globe, all the while using a greater and greater chunk of our planet’s energy, this impossible task becomes a necessary focus. To strive towards the closed, continuous loop of “true” sustainability could greatly alter the image of the modern city. Any improvement over the current state of urban affairs could carry weight, and even if that goal is not entirely fulfilled, the gained benefits would be immense.
With the development of urbanization, an increasing number of social problems have emerged. These problems will decelerate the urban development, however, there are many ways in which sustainable development can reduce the impact of these urbanization problems. “Sustainable development seeks to improve the quality of human life without undermining the quality of our natural environment” (Adams, W.M. 1999). Actually, sustainable development can partly solve the urbanization problems, for it can reduce the impact of the problems such as traffic jam, housing shortage and severe pollution, but it is difficult to completely solve these problems in a short time.
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.
Global cities are cities with substantial economic power, controlling the concentration and accumulation of capital and global investments. Despite this, global cities are the sites of increasing disparities in occupation and income. This is as a result of large in-migration and growing income inequality together with capacity and resource constraints, and inadequate Government policies.