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The industrial revolution economic impact
Economic impact of the industrial revolution
Economic impact of the industrial revolution
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Development across the world soared to unprecedented levels during the latter half of the nineteenth century as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Increased access to international markets, improvements in technology, advancements in medicinal practices, expansion of education and greater access to resources allowed for many countries, especially those in North America and Europe to rapidly progress through stages two and three of the demographic transition model. Although the global pace of development had increased substantially, the majority of this development was clustered in North America and Europe rather than being evenly dispersed throughout the world.
The widely acclaimed replacement theory, also known as the “Out of Africa” theory (see Appendix 1), suggests that Homo sapiens originated in Africa and through a series of migrations replaced those of the Homo erectus species in Eurasia without interbreeding (Johanson). Syllogistically speaking, because Homo sapiens originated in Africa, and it takes time to develop, Africa should be the most development continent because African inhabitants had a larger amount of time to allocate towards development relative to other continents. However, according to the human development reports posted in 2013 by the United Nations Development Program, out of 186 countries that have designated HDI values, African nations constitute approximately 37 out of the lowest 50 in HDI ranking while nations in North America and Europe alone constitute over 37 out of the highest 50. Due to immense historical documentation of these more developed countries (MDCs) exploiting the lower developed countries (LDCs) for their resources, land, and population, it can be inferred that there is significa...
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...tion, and warfare that was created because of European colonists establishing superimposed boundaries between nations that disregarded relations between various African tribes. Because conflicting tribes were often in the same nation, it would lead to warfare, which furthermore hinders development because the nation is in a constant state of war.
Works Cited
1. List of HDI by country: https://data.undp.org/dataset/Table-2-Human-Development-Index-trends/efc4-gjvq
2. “Out of Africa Theory” http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/johanson.html
3. Economic Development in the Third World by: Michael Todaro
4. Demographic Transition Model Image: http://hs-geography.ism-online.org/2010/09/07/the-demographic-transition-model/
5. Demographic Transition Model Info: http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/geography/demotrans/demtran.htm
6. Dictionary of Human Geography Derek Gregory
Throughout the 19th century, industrialization was a turning point in the United States that led to huge changes in society, economics and politics. The incoming growth of factories had positive and negative effects. Two specific changes were the new government regulations and the increasing immigration. These changes were extremely important because they settled the bases of the country. Industrialization provided many benefits for the nation but however, it also created serious problems that required action by the government.
Although the Industrial Revolution contributed to life in Great Britain in both positive and negative ways, the origin of the industrialized society bestowed the foundation for the modern world. Contributing to life in Britain by making products and goods more affordable to common citizens and boosting the national economy, the growth of industrialization had an overall upbeat effect on the historical past. Equally, the renovated social class divisions altered the existing layout of ancient civilizations. Seeing that industrialization was benefiting Great Britain, many other countries soon began to replicate the prosperous routine. Industrial developments in the United States and continental Europe were inspired by the booming success of industrialization in relationship to Great Britain’s economy, political state, and social class divisions.
When the Age of Imperialism began in 1875, it effected Africa in many ways. Nowhere was the competition for colonies more intense than in Africa. Europeans went after North and South Africa splitting up the continent. Egypt and Sudan were taken over by Britain to obtain the Suez Canal. Imperialism helped to develop Africa’s economy and turned it into a continent of colonies.
Entering an era of mechanization and large scale production by the second half of the nineteenth century due to the expansion of railroads, mining, factories etc.
Industrialization greatly changed the way the world worked. The world had finally become one global trade system, with a complex economy and involvement of nearly every nation. The citizens of the world relied on one another more than ever, as raw materials were needed to create goods, which could be sold around the world. These worldly markets were also sought after, as the supply was finally keeping up with the demand, so it became harder to advertise things as rare, and therefore harder to sell them. The way goods were produced began to evolve, and keeping up with the people became the newest struggle faced by mankind.
Bryant H. McGill once said “Education should prepare our minds to use its own powers of reason and conception rather than filling it with the accumulated misconceptions of the past” (McGill ). There are misconceptions all around us; people look at certain things in a particular manner but what each person sees comes from their background. I have recently come to the realization that there are many misconceptions held about the African continent; my current class has helped me see these misconceptions and understand why they are incorrect and how I formed them. With the help of our Western society, I developed beliefs that Africa was a continent full of poverty, civil unrest, and in desperate need of help. Much of the media coverage in Africa showed droughts, famine, the need for clean drinking water; everything that was exposed to the American population about Africa through these channels carried a negative connotation. I was never taught or informed about the complex culture and fascinating traditions that make up such a diverse continent. The ancient kingdoms of West Africa were complex, developed civilizations that had rich culture, traditions, values, norms and skills that exceeded those of societies of the rest of the world such as European ones. In this paper, I will first further explain some of the common misconceptions that I had about African in general and about their ancient kingdoms.
Industrialization in the 19th century changed our nation. We became a modern, faster paced society with modern technologies. Women joined the work force and helped develop our nation. Cities grew and developed, leading to advanced transportation and high rise skyscrapers. Even farmers began to feel the improvement of the nation's economy. Industrialization had spread across the USA.
The industrial revolution impacted daily life, politics, and gender relations. During the industrial revolution, humanity had turned to machines for production instead of people because they where able to produce things more quickly and efficiently. The three main concentration areas in the industrial revolution were transportation, industry, and market. During the nineteenth century, the United States were the industrializing nation because of the outcome of the War of 1812. Therefore, America needed to improve its infrastructure. The industrializing nations were India, China, and Brazil. They were going through it while the lowest life expectancy nation, central Africa, was non-industrialized. England started industrializing around the 1780s that spread to France, German, U.S, and Canada. Their first invention was the steam powered ships, engines, and railroads. Later in the 1860s, the internal combustible engines were introduced. The Market R...
The mid 19th century was an age of growth like no other. The term “Industrial Revolution” refers to the time period where production changed from homemade goods, to those produced by machines and factories. As industrial growth developed and cities grew, the work done by men and women diverged from the old agricultural life. People tended to leave home to work in the new factories being built. They worked in dangerous conditions, were paid low wages, and lacked job security (Kellogg). It is difficult to argue, however, that the economic development of the United States was not greatly dependent on the industrial revolution.
Cultural clashes result in unnecessary conflict. Several countries (European powers) including France, Great Britain, and Belgium imperialized Africa. They did this because of their demand for raw materials, need for markets, and their attempt to implement commerce, create civilization, and to bring in Christianity to be the primary religion. The clash between the Europeans and the Africans caused the Europeans to colonize Africa and to partition the continent, this partition plan is know as the Scramble for Africa. Chinua Achebe’s thesis regarding Colonial Africa in Things Fall Apart is an accurate portrayal of imperialism and Ibo culture to a high extent due to the religious accusations serving as catalysts for conflict, the use of the Christian, European missionaries attempting to conquer Africa, take the resources of the land, and convert multiple Ibo people to Christianity, and the display of cultural aspects (customs/traditions) about the Ibo people.
As the Europeans started to invade Africa and split up the land, they paid no attention to the already existing natural boundaries. Over time, villages with different cultures had set these boundaries. The Europeans ignored these invisible borders as they invaded. This caused soci...
In terms of political changes, European imperialism negatively affected Africa. Firstly, European colonization created enormous conflict between colonists and the African people. African resistance to “The Scramble for Africa” lead to the instability of Africa’s political structure. There was ineffective resistance of the African people against the Europeans. In an attempt to regain their independence, Africans took up arms against their colonial masters as soon as they perceived them to be at a disadvantage. In southern Africa, in The Republic of Namibia, the Herero people rose against German rule in 1904, killing over 100 German settlers and traders. German commander, General von Trotha, retaliated with a war aimed simply at extermination. This resulted in the decline of 70% of the Herero population.1 Nowhere else was colonialism quite so brutal, but almost everywhere it tended towards unrestrained brutality as soon as it was challenged.2 Warfare created considerable unrest among African people. Afterwards, the people of Africa came to the realization that the consequences of resistance against European colonists could be devastating. As well, the Europeans demonstrated that they had the technology and resources to gain control. Secondly, colonial expansion changed the face of Africa’s political structure. The Berlin Conference of 1884-85, attended by 13 European nations and the USA, set the ground rules for partition of Africa. When the conferenc...
Throughout history, humans have asked many questions in regards to our own beginnings. Religion and science have examined what makes us who we are, and have tried to answer the enduring question of our own modern origins. Scientifically, theories are still debated as to when, where, and how modern Homo sapiens came to be what they are today. There are two major theories that now dominate the discussions of experts in the field of biological anthropology: the “Out-of-Africa” model and the “Multiregional” model of evolution. Stringer and Andrews argue that genetic and paleontological evidence supports a more recent Out-of-Africa model as opposed to a more drawn out Multiregional method that also incorporates gene flow (1263). In contrast, Wolpoff, Hawks, and Caspari claim that the Multiregional model is misunderstood, and clearing up discrepancies could bolster support for this theory instead (129). Pearson notes that while people like Wolpoff et al defend the Multiregional model, archaeological evidence seems to show that likely no intermixture between modern Homo sapiens and other archaic hominins happened during the spread of early Homo sapiens out of Africa (145). It is easy to see that the debate lingers onwards with an end not clearly in sight. This paper will further examine the arguments asserted by these authors and identify their core arguments, the data they use to support their arguments and determine which paper is the most convincing of the three.
...5 million people. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had reached around 390 million people. The rapid population growth reflected changing patterns of fertility and mortality. Once the medical advancements took place, physicians were able to help prevent diseases and the mortality rates started to lower. The fertility rate started to increase because more infants were able to grow into adults, which was resulting in rapid industrializing societies.
...t cooked up a scarcity in the mineral richness of Africa. This was a disadvantage for the countries of Africa of its raw materials. There was no chance for Africa to develop and be in competition with the world since they were in rivalry with Europe.