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Principles behind osmosis and diffusion
The aim of investigating osmosis
Principles behind osmosis and diffusion
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Osmosis is the process of moving water from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. The water and the fluids constantly try to move into or out of the cell through the cell permeable membrane. Therefore, Fluids and water movement among the cells and tissues is depending on the concentration of the solutes and the amount of water in that area. Our body needs a proper balance of water and solutes inside or outside of the cells to be able to maintain the body's cells normal function. When a solution is Hypertonic means that the concentration of solutes are greater outside of the cell compare to inside of the cell, in that situation water move out from the cell and cell will be shrink. Hypotonic solution in contrast, is
Considering the fact that Marc has both been sweating and drinking minimal amounts of water, Marc is now dehydrated. This means he has less than the required amount of water for his body to complete the processes necessary to maintain its health. As stated in the question, the process of sweating causes the loss of more water than solutes. This means that as the level of water decreases, the level of solute concentration will increase, creating a change in the water to solute ratio.
An explanation of the links between the topics: The dye was diffusing through the potato cells, this is the link between diffusion. Osmosis is linked to the experiment because in order for the diffusion to work the water would have to first need to go through the holes in the cells also known as osmosis. And finally Tonicity was a major part because the solution that the potato was in (pure water) was hypotonic which means that the cells had swollen which made it harder for the dye to move through the potato, and the hypertonic solution (50%salt water) did the complete opposite because instead of making the cells swell it made them shrink which made it easier for the dye to pass through the potato.
Osmosis Investigation What is Osmosis? Osmosis is basically the movement of water molecules from a dilute system solution to a concentrated solution, through a partially permeable membrane. Water molecules are able to pass through the cell membrane because they diffuse whereas sugar molecules are larger and cannot diffuse as easily therefore not being able to pass through. Cell membranes are like visking tubes because they will let some substances through but not others. They are partially permeable membranes.
After we did the Preliminary Test we decided to use 1 cm long 4 mm
The blood cells suspended in an isotonic saline solution did not change in shape because the solute concentration within the blood cell was equal to that of the saline solution. A 3.0% NaCl solution yielded a hypertonic environment, indicating that there was a higher concentration of solutes outside the blood cell than inside of the cell thus causing cells to shrink as the water exited the cell (Table ). Quite oppositely, the cells that were suspended into a 0.2% saline solution swelled up and ultimately lysed (Table 1). This mixture was classified as hypotonic given that its solute concentration was lower than that of the cell, causing water to move into the cell. This solution was transparent after roughly 20 seconds, further validating that hemolysis had taken place. The isotonic and hypertonic solutions resulted in a turbid appearance, indicating no hemolysis (Meiselman et al.
Through osmosis, water is shifted out of the cells and pulled into the vascular system. Hypertonic solutions provide calories and other electrolytes. Examples of hypertonic solution include 3% saline, D5/0.9% saline, D5/0.45% saline, and D5LR.
Hydronephrosis is the enlargement of a kidney due to a blockage that stops urine from flowing out of the body.
In an hypertonic environment, the net movement of water goes out of the cell and the cell would shrink. Furthermore, the solution will be hypertonic to the cell. On the other hand, in an hypotonic environment, the net movement of water will go into the cell, the cell will expand, and the solution would be hypotonic to the cell. In an isotonic solution, there will be no net movement, the cell would not change in size, and the solution will be isotonic to the cell. Continuing further, hypertonic solution includes more dissolved solute while the hypotonic solution holds less dissolved solute. Lastly, in an isotonic solution, it had the same amount of dissolved
The steeper the graph gets, faster is the change in rate. So, from the graph we can see that the rate is fastest for 0.2M because it has a greater steep, so higher rate of osmosis took place when 0.2M was placed in the solvent. On the other hand, we see a rise for 0.6M this means that the rate of osmosis was very low when 0.6M of sucrose was placed in diH2O.
Osmosis is the process of water diffusing through a partially permeable cell membrane. Osmosis occurs when one side of the membrane has a different concentration of water, and the water molecules move through the membrane to a less concentrated area until equilibrium occurs. Equilibrium is the outcome of osmosis, when equal concentration of water occurs on both sides of the cell membrane. There are three tonicities, or ways in which osmosis can travel. A hypotonic tonicity is when the concentration of water is higher inside the cell membrane, which causes the cell(s) to lose in mass from water diffusing out of the membrane. A hypertonic tonicity is the opposite, where the water concentration inside the cell membrane is lower than the concentration of the solution outside of the membrane, causing the cell(s) to gain in mass and the solution outside of the cell membrane to diffuse water. Isotonic tonicity is when both sides of the cell membrane have the same concentration of water, and diffusion will not occur.
By doing this we observed both diffusion and osmosis taking place. Diffusion1 is a movement of molecules or other particles from a region where they are more concentrated to a region where they are less concentrated. If the movement is not stopped by anything else, a solute will diffuse until it reaches a steady state. Osmosis1 is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. This means that the movement occurs passively if water is moving from a higher concentration to lower concentration. We used both hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. A hypotonic1 solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell. Hypotonic uses osmosis to take in water and hypertonic uses osmosis to lose water. In this lab we could better understand how diffusion and osmosis are factors of regulating cell
Isotonic refers to a solution that when surrounding a cell causes no net movement of water into or out of a cell. Hypertonic deals with a solution that when is enclosing a cell will cause the cell to lose water. Lastly hypotonic is a solution that surrounds a cell and will cause it to take up water. When animal and plant cells go through these solutions they come across some similarities and of course differences. When an animal cell is stable in one solution. Through an isotonic solution, the cell contains no cell wall there is no net movement, therefore the solution creates a stable environment. Everything gets distributed evenly in and out. In the hypertonic solution, the cell will lose water and shrivel up which would probably lead to the death of cells in the animals body. That is why certain animals can maintain a living environment in salt water, so if salt shows up in a clear body of water those animals might not be able to stabilize which can eventually lead to their death. The last tonicity for an animal cell is the hypotonic solution, water will enter the cell faster than it leaves. Thus creating the cell to swell and form a lysed cell, a
These solutions are always relative to the cell we are looking at. A hypertonic solution, is one that more solutes, and as a result causes the cell to lose water, and shrink in size. A hypotonic solution, is one that will make a cell swell as water freely flows into it, sometimes causing the cell to burst. An isotonic solution is the median between the two, it is a solution in which a cell is not losing or gaining water, and so the cell stays the same as it was before it was in the solution (Urry et al. 2014). Most animal cells prefer to be in an isotonic solution so they don’t have to swell and shrink, but most plant cell excel in hypotonic solutions that allow them to suck up as much water as possible (Urry et al. 2014). Because we had this background knowledge we hypothesized that we hypothesized in the portion on osmosis in potato tissue, that the higher concentration of NaCl, that the potato slices would become more
π is equal to the osmotic pressure, V is equal to the cell volume and B is the intracellular solids (Hall). Ponder’s R value is the ratio of intracellular solvent volume to the water in its environment; R=(Vi -b)/W. These two equations are related because Ponder’s R value is a measure of how much of an osmometer a cell is while the van’t Hoff relation shows what the osmotic pressure is, both inside and outside the cell. Overall cell membrane permeability can be measured by Ponder’s R value while the osmotic pressure differentials between the external environment and the internal environment are seen with the van’t Hoff relation (Hall). Cells evolved to become great osmometers, but not perfect osmometers, in order to provide a way for solutes to move along permeable membranes. The van’t Hoff relation permits organisms to live in environments of varying osmolarity because regulating solute concentration within a cell can increase or decrease the cell’s affinity for osmosis (Darnell et al). Ponder’s R value, on the other hand, shows how a cell can never become a perfect osmometer. If a cell could become a perfect osmometer, it could cause cell lysis or shrinkage of the cell (Hall). The avoidance of perfect osmometry can be seen within the human erythrocyte as a small portion of cell water will not take part in an osmotic exchange due to tonicity within its
Fehling’s solution to test the presence of glucose. The following figure (Figure 6) shows this experiment set up.