Oscilloscope Essay
explanatory Essay
1446 words
The word oscilloscope is a word that combines from Latin and Greek language. The first part “oscillare” derives from the Latin words meaning to swing backwards and forwards. The second part comes from Classical Greek “skopein” means to observe, aim at, examine, from which developed the Latin ending “scopium”, which has been used to form names for instruments that enable the eye or ear to make observation.
An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument that commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. This device draws a graph of signal voltage as a function of time. Oscilloscope usually have two-dimensional graph which electrical potential differences represent by Y-axis (vertical) and time represent by X-axis (horizontal). With positive values going upward and negative values going downward (Ask.com, 2014). In any oscilloscope, the horizontal sweep is measured in seconds per division (s/div), milliseconds per division (ms/div), microseconds per division (s/div), or nanoseconds per division (ns/div). The vertical deflection is measured in volts per division (V/div), millivolts per division (mV/div), or microvolts per division (µV/div).
The oldest form of oscilloscope, still used in some labs today, is known as the cathode-ray oscilloscope. It produces an image by the focused electron beam to travel in patterns across the face of cathode ray tube (CRT). More modern oscilloscopes electronically replicate the action of the CRT using a liquid crystal display (liquid crystal display) like the one that can be found on notebook computers screen.
Oscilloscope is acquainted as one of the most helpful instrument for testing circuits. It is able to show the signals at different points in the circuit. One way to inves...
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...show a decreasing value of 5V.
Last but not least, for Ritika,Preeti and Prem (2013), they are using Freeduino board and solder the component on that board. They are using compiler Arduino 1.0 for uploading the codes to the board, MAX 232 Line Driver, ATmega328 and other components. The reason for they are using Freeduino is that Freeduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software and Freeduino projects can be standalone or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Matlab, Processing, MaxMS ). The wave plot also can be in form of sine and square wave form.
However, same with Ruisantos, Ritika, Preeti and Prem oscilloscope project could not read negative voltage. Besides, they didn’t include the calculation of frequency, rise time and time period to be displayed on the PC.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the word oscilloscope combines latin and greek language to form names for instruments that enable the eye or ear to make observation.
- Explains that an oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument that commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals.
- Explains the cathode-ray oscilloscope, which produces an image by the focused electron beam to travel in patterns across the face of crt.
- Explains that oscilloscope is a useful instrument for testing circuits. it can show the signals at different points in the circuit.
- Explains that the oscilloscope is widely used in the education field, especially at the university, and also a lifeline for electrical engineering students.
- Explains that the conventional oscilloscope used in universities has limitations in terms of mobility, such as its bulky and heavy display screen and expensive repair costs.
- Explains that pc-based oscilloscopes should be designed and commercialized in order to solve these problems.
- Explains that many engineers and students have invent pc-based oscilloscopes to facilitate the process of gathering information and data.
- Describes anubhav and manish's pc-based oscilloscope using pic atmega16. the device features dual channel plot and x-y plot, although at higher sampling rate the adc loses its 8bit precision.
- Explains that chandan bhunia et.al (2004) introduced a low-cost pc-based virtual oscilloscope. the device function as the data acquisition and it’s fabricated with national semiconductor 808 adc analog interface.
- Explains that arduino is a pc-based oscilloscope that uses pic microcontroller, which is complicated and requires many additional components to complete the project.
- Explains that arduino is an easy-to-use programmable board with a simple hardware platform and free source code editor. it's designed to be really easy to use without being an expert programmer.
- Explains that ruisantos (2013) discovers a simple and cheap implementation of oscilloscope by just connecting the arduino pin 0 to the signal that he want to read.
- Explains that arduino's built-in adcs can read negative voltage, but would require an op-amp. the atmega328 can only read 0v (gnd).
- Explains that haris (2010) makes an oscilloscope by using arduino. the arduino board will run and continuously send analog voltage reading to the pc using usb.
- Explains that ritika, preeti, and prem are using freeduino board and solder the component on that board. the free-source electronics prototyping platform is flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software.
- Explains that ruisantos, ritika, preeti, and prem oscilloscope project could not read negative voltage. they didn't include calculation of frequency, rise time and time period to be displayed on the pc.
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- Oscilloscope Essayexplanatory essayAn oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument that is used to observe an electronic signal, typically voltage, as a function of time. In other words, it is a voltage versus time plotter. Oscilloscopes come in two basic types, analogue or digital, and support various features and functions useful for measuring and testing electronic circuits. An oscilloscope is a key piece of test equipment for any electronics designer.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that an oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument that is used to observe electronic signals as a function of time.
- Explains that an oscilloscope measures voltage, time and frequency, pulse and rise measurements, and phase shifts. it is primarily a voltage-measuring device.
- Explains that voltage measurements are taken by counting the number of divisions a waveform spans on the oscilloscope's vertical scale. the more screen area you use, the more accurately you can read from the screen.
- Explains that many oscilloscopes have on-screen cursors that let you take waveform measurements automatically, without having to count graticule marks.
- Explains that time measurements include measuring the period, pulse width, and timing of pulses using the horizontal scale of the oscilloscope.
- Explains that pulses can become distorted and cause a digital circuit to malfunction. the timing of pulse trains is important in many applications.
- Explains that pulse measurements are pulse width and pulse rise time. pulse width is measured at 50% of full voltage.
- Recommends learning how to use trigger hold off and set the digital oscilloscope to capture pre trigger data. horizontal magnification is another useful feature for measuring pulses.
- Explains that the horizontal control section may have an xy mode that lets you display an input signal rather than the time base on horizontal axis. this mode of operation opens up a whole new area of phase shift measurement techniques.
- Explains that phase shift describes the difference in timing between two otherwise identical periodic signals.
- Explains the xy mode method for measuring phase shift, which involves inputting one signal into the vertical system as usual and then another in the horizontal system.
- Explains that an oscilloscope is an electronic measuring instrument that creates a visible two-dimensional graph of one or more continuously varying voltages or currents.
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In this essay, the author
- Describes how they decided to advance their knowledge about lasers and perform more tedious activities with them. they plan to successfully communicate over free space using a photonic link.
- Explains how to construct one of the amplifier circuits following directions and using the soldering iron.
- Explains how to modify the laser using the transformer, turn on amplifier circuit, point laser towards the photo resistor, connect to the oscilloscope, and adjust amplifier until you can hear the signal generator signal.
- Explains how to construct the second amplifier circuit. connect a microphone to the amplifier, the transformer, and the laser.
- Explains that many groups had a hard time successfully soldering the circuits together, but when it came to the second circuit, they had to eventually give up and just start another fresh circuit.
- Explains that they witnessed the performance of the experiment and understand the mechanics behind it. in future experiments, they could reflect their voices in laser through a gelatin substance.
- Explains how to connect oscilloscope to amplifier. modulate laser as before. perform measurements of voltage output for different frequencies. take measurements at the highest frequency that will provide a measurable voltage.
- Explains that they were able to successfully solder together the circuit and amplify the signal from the generator, modulate the laser, calculate the bandwidth, and received the following information.
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains that photogrammetry was realised around 1850, but the basic concepts of photography began as early as 1038 ad when al hazen of basra explained the principle of camera obscura.
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- Explains that the method developed as a point-wise technique, using photodiodes or photomultipliers as light receivers, and later became 3d using digital video cameras and image processing.
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains that microscopes have two adjustment knobs, fine focus and coarse focus. the revolving nose piece holds two or more objective lenses with different objective power.
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- Explains the ideal gas law, which is used to determine the water's vapor pressure at different temperatures, and the molar heat of vapourization using the clausias clapeyron equation.
- Explains how dalton's law of partial pressure is applied to the mixture of gas in the graduated cylinder filled with water vapor and air.
- Explains that the enthalpy of vaporization is dependent on the strength of the intermolecular gases. the clausius clapeyron equation shows the correlation between a liquid and the temperature of that same liquid.
- Explains the assumptions made in the experiments that affected the results of the error analysis.
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749 wordsRead More - Heat Exchangersanalytical essayAs seen in Figures 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3, the data obtained in this experiment are
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- Explains that from an energy balance around a heat exchanger, it is clear that the heat duties.
- Illustrates the heat duties on the hot and cold sides of the figure.
- Explains that it can be shown that h v0.8 for sufficiently high fluid velocity.
- Explains the r2 value for the high cold flow rate data in the plate.
- Explains that double-pipe, were studied in this experiment for their feasibility for scale up.
- Opines that the exchangers studied are the best selection for scale up.
- Describes the typical values tabulated in tables 4.1-2 and 4.9-2.
- Opines that the piping system should be better studied so that valves can be set up.
- Explains that the wilson plot method uses the fact that when the velocity of the hot fluid in a heat exchanger is varied, the only resistance to heat transfer that changes is
- Explains that the data obtained in this experiment are consistent with this theory.
- Explains that the data is accounted for in the line. the other best fit lines also have r2 values close to unity.
- Explains that the r2 values for the high and low cold flow rate data in this exchanger were 0.962 and0.966 respectively. while these values are still fairly close to unity, it may be possible to obtain better results by modifying the power to which the velocity is
- Analyzes how the precision of the results is evident from the fact that the r2 values obtained in the wilson plots are close to unity for all exchangers tested.
- Argues that filling the tank to about half capacity would produce more stable cold flows and reduce time until full.
1046 wordsRead More