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Problem statement on organizational conflict
Conceptualisation of conflict
Dysfunctional conflict in organizations
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Organizational Conflict in a Formal Organization
The above subject matter cannot be discussed without first elucidating
on the key subjects viz: ‘conflict’ and ‘formal organization’.
The oxford dictionary of current English describes conflict as a lack
of agreement between opinions another school of thought sees conflict
as ‘a state of dysfunctionality in a system’. What ever the case,
conflict occurs in our everyday life either within a person when faced
with problem and possible options and/ or with another individual
either in a formal or informal setting.
On the other hand, a formal organization is typically understood to be
system/ group of people of coordinated and controlled activities that
arise when work is embedded in complex networks of technical relations
and boundary-spanning exchanges.
In effect, organizational conflict can be described as the interaction
of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals and
interference from each other in achieving those goals. This occurs in
all formal settings. Disagreement between two or more parties who
perceive that they have incompatible concern.
Unlike the traditional view which sees conflict as being bad and as
such should be avoided, the contemporary view to which I belong, sees
conflict as neither inherently bad nor good but is inevitable in any
formal setting and structurally induced.
As earlier stated, no one person can constitute an organization and as
such there come a time when people will hold divergent views of a
particular issue.
As stated above that conflict is neither naturally bad nor good, it
often times enhances organizational performanc...
... middle of paper ...
...ow a business is run.
Apparently organizational politics is an increasing problem according
to a study by Accountemps. "Eighteen percent of an administrator's
time -- more than nine weeks out of every year -- is spent resolving
conflicts among employees" ("Surviving Office Politics." Talent Scout.
April 16, 1998).
Besides causing problems for the individuals who work together, the
end result can be far more devastating. Employees and managers who
must concentrate on the political aspects of work may have less time
to pay attention their jobs. This translates into financial loss,
which may in turn translate into job loss.
Politics will always be a part of organizations so long as people are
involved. Organizations that are overrun with politics, however, will
sooner or later take their place among the also-rans.
Walmart can be studied using structure functional theory and social conflict theories. Social functional theory is the relationships among parts of society and how these parts are functional(have beneficial consequences) or dysfunctional (have negative consequences. Most Americans today love to shop at Walmart because they continue to give consumers the best prices on over 120,000 products and are one stop shopping.
Political and legislative decisions directly impact the work environment in a variety of ways. A candidate for political office can affect the workforce significantly through zoning ordinances, taxes, trade legislation, existence or lack of health, safety, and illegal discrimination regulations. They may also affect public investment (or lack of) in infrastructure, worker’s right to organize unions, levels of unemployment, and existence of unemployment insurance.
In several occasions, conflict occurs in the communication of one or two people. Several people have thought of conflict as cases involving pouring of furious anger in a communication process. Nonetheless, conflict is the misinterpretation of an individual’s words or values (Huan & YAzdanifard, 2012). Conflict can also be due to limited resources in an organization (Riaz & Junaid, 2010). Conflict may as well arise due to poor communication or the use of inappropriate communication channel of transmission of information between the involved parties. Management of conflict has various conflict management styles that include avoidance style, forcing style, passive-aggressive style, accommodating style, collaborating style and compromising style. Workplace conflict comes in two different kinds: task involving conflict, which focuses on the approaches used in resolving the problem and blaming conflict that has the aspects of blame and never brings element of resolving problems between the conflicting parties. In the perception of several individuals, relationship conflict is negative.
According to Ivancevich, Konospaske and Matteson, dysfunctional conflict is a confrontation or interaction between groups that harms the organization or hinders the achievement of organizational goals. The authors also state that if conflict levels become too high, the resulting chaos can threaten the organization’s survival.
Conflict as defined by Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary is a competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interest, or persons), Mental struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, wishes, or external or internal demands. Simply put conflict is the disagreement and disharmony that occurs in groups when differences are expressed regarding ideas, methods, and/ or members (Engleberg, Wynn, and Schuttler, 2003). Conflict among teams or groups develops in many ways. In developing an effective team, members will generally experience the five stages of evolution: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. The storming and norming stages deal with the process of conflict (storming) and resolution (norming). During the storming stage, exact conflict has not yet been identified and therefore chaos, disorganization, and disputes are apparent. The Norming stage is where conflict is identified and dealt with and resolutio...
Although there is a plethora of possible sources of conflict in any workplace, the ones in this case are rather explicit. These include personal differences, Informal deficiencies’, role incompatibility, environment stress, perceptions, and expectations. Personal differences could be related to personal values, physiognomies, family bonds or ties, and material belongings.
Office politics can have advantages that may motivate certain employees and cliques. It can be very productive, as they usually know each other well and can utilize each person’s talent in a team setting. How a supervisor or manger deals with office politics can ultimately lead to his or her success or demise. It can also be the most unproductive and destructive problem in the workplace; which can derail the best laid business plans. It can eventually take down what was once a profitable smooth running business if it is allowed to continue or if upper management is a participant.
Many people enjoy working or participating in a group or team, but when a group of people work together chances are that conflicts will occur. Hazleton describes conflict as the discrepancy between what is the perceived reality and what is seen as ideal (2007). “We enter into conflicts reluctantly, cautiously, angrily, nervously, confidently- and emerge from them battered, exhausted, sad, satisfied, triumphant. And still many of us underestimate or overlook the merits of conflict- the opportunity conflict offers every time it occurs” (Schilling, nd.). Conflict does not have to lead to a hostile environment or to broken relationships. Conflict if resolved effectively can lead to a positive experience for everyone involved. First, there must be an understanding of the reasons why conflicts occur. The conflict must be approached with an open mind. Using specific strategies can lead to a successful resolution for all parties involved. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument states “there are five general approaches to dealing with conflict. The five approaches are avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and collaboration. Conflict resolution is situational and no one approach provides the best or right approach for all circumstances” (Thomas, 2000).
The social conflict model has two types of conflict, the social consensus and the social conflict. Dalton took the concept of informal organization from just workers to include managers and is called managerial conflict. This is a power struggle of humans using conflict to control their environment and social activities within the organization in their favor. Dalton believes it is human to use conflict to your advantage. They’re several layers of conflicts that arise between coworkers, between departments, supervisor and worker, between staff members, between different groups within the larger organization and just good old personality conflicts. Rules are made to control conflicts and behavior, but who do they benefit. They are called organizational rules but individuals implement them and either favors the individual or his group within the group. Bendix did a study on 1956 about managerial ideologies. The managers or leaders use influence within the organization to get workers to follow them and work together for the company. They use this conflict of ideas to obtain loyalty, and employees who are loyal to their company. Sometimes conflict comes from outside the organization. An example of this theory outside influence is the National Football league and spousal and child abuse. A rash of abuse cases arising from the actions of the athletes, caused outside influences to take action against the National Football League. Women and other outside groups influenced the league to implement new rules to control or change the behavior of their employees, the
Conflict exists in every organization as a result of incompatible needs, goals, and objectives of two people while aligning to the overall business requirements. Though disagreement is linked with negative impact, the approach has healthy considerations (Leung, 2008). For instance, some conflicts create an avenue for the exchange of ideas and creativity to meet the set organizational purposes. However, damaging disagreement in organizations results in employee dissatisfaction, turnover, and poor services and reduced productivity. The paper establishes different types of interpersonal conflict and key resolution strategies used to address the problem. Human resource managers need to have the capacity to identify different levels of conflicts and the best methods to negate them.
This study aims to increase understanding of factors that influence employees’ reactions in the workplace. The relationship between conflict among employees, the perception of organizational politics, conflict or ambiguity of workplace roles and several other work outcomes was explored by studying 11 research articles to investigate individual and organizational effects of workplace attitudes and behaviors. Employees need to work together toward common goals in order for an organization to function well but there are many roadblocks hindering the process. Results demonstrated a clear relationship between stressors and behaviors.
(Asawo, 2011). Conflict can occur in any setting and as leaders in organizations guide and
This model distinguishes six possible sources of conflict that may arise: incompatible goals, differentiation, interdependence, scarce resources, ambiguous rules, and communication problem (McShane and Von Glinow 332-333). Incompatible goals involves that “the goal of one person or department seem to interfere with another person’s or department’s goal” (McShane and Von Glinow 333). Differentiation is described as the “difference among people, departments, and other entities regarding their training, values, beliefs, and experiences” (McShane and Von Glinow 333). Interdependence “occurs where individuals operate interdependently except for reliance on a common source or authority” (McShane and Von Glinow 335). Scarce Resources are a source of conflict when several persons or units require the same recourse to fulfill their goals. Ambiguous Rules occur as a source of conflict because “uncertainty increases the risk that one party intends to interfere with the other party’s goals” (McShane and Von Glinow 335). Communication Problems are a source of conflict “due to the lack of opportunity, ability, or motivation to communicate effectively” (McShane and Von Glinow 333).
The political environment can affect organizations. Political components influence buyer certainty and purchaser and business spending. Stability of political environment is essential for organizations
“A means by which individuals and interest groups compete to shape government’s impact on society’s problems and goals.” Politics is easily defined. It is the concept behind the words that is more difficult to understand. Though politics is the primary method of communicating with government, this is not the only time politics are used. Immediate, individual interests, wants, and needs must be satisfied, as well as societal problems. The pursuit of interest is the purpose and initiation of political behavior.