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Opioid Pain Medications Essay
Opioid Pain Medications Essay
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There is a problem with our health care system in the way doctors manage a patient’s pain today, particularly endemic to the United States, and this issue is prescription of opioid painkillers. For those who are unaware, opioids are a class of drug derived from the poppy plant, the same plant used to make heroin, and for pharmaceutical company’s morphine, Codeine, Vicodin, and Oxycodone. All opioids bind to neurons in the brain that receive pain called opioid receptors which stops pain directly at the neural level. This is necessary in hospitals when being used for painful procedures that cannot be done without anesthesia, but the over the counter prescription of what is essentially heroin in the form of Oxycodone, Vicodin, and Codeine for everyday use to treat the pain of mass amounts of people has started an epidemic of use and addiction here in the United States. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) “Health care providers wrote 259 million prescriptions for opioid painkillers in 2012” this number is staggering when we see this in terms of yearly constant use by millions of Americans, and this is no isolated trend of increase in prescription, as illustrated by this statistic from the book Popping pills, a drug abuse epidemic, which found that two years prior in 2010 they made “enough painkillers to sedate every adult American with doses every four hours for a month.” This means that people who go to doctors for relief from pain in America are in most cases not given other lighter pain medications or given treatment of the damaged area, but are instead sent home with heroin. This does two things in that it masks pain instead of addressing problems in the body and at the cost in most instances of dependence on the dr...
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... they do not understand the pain content of the lesson, afterwards all children can place true emotion to those lessons you gave and then heal the wounds properly, much as we should with our own instead of drown them and all others in the same sea so many addicts we look upon with either pity or disgust have fallen into. This pain is negative at first but a life numb to it is a life not lived; it is part of us inexorably, it teaches us and gives us awareness of our needs and surroundings. We need not run and mask ourselves from our feelings of pain anymore, we can choose to make ourselves truly whole again. We need to shift from these medications and towards other methods of treatment, because the alternative is taking everything from them, and taking pain from someone is the death of a fundamental piece of them, anyone who have seen its victims know this to be true.
Most adolescents who misuse prescription pain relievers are given the medication by an unknowing friend or relative. This is a situation that can easily avoided with an education on risks of opioids. Patricia Schram, MD, an adolescent substance abuse specialist at Children’s Hospital Boston, stresses the importance of parent involvement in preventing young adults from abusing opioids and in the recovery process, citing a study that claimed, “teens were less likely to abuse opioids if their parents often checked their homework, if they had been frequently praised by their parents and if they perceived strong disapproval of marijuana from their parents” (Viamont 1). Besides parent and family involvement, physicians have a role to play in preventing the spread of the opioid
Opioids are used as pain relievers and although it does the job, there are adverse side effects. Opioids are frequently used in the medical field, allowing doctors to overprescribe their patients. The substance can be very addicting to the dosage being prescribed to the patient. Doctors are commonly prescribing opioids for patients who have mild, moderate, and severe pain. As the pain becomes more severe for the patient, the doctor is more likely to increase the dosage. The increasing dosages of the narcotics become highly addicting. Opioids should not be prescribed as pain killers, due to their highly addictive chemical composition, the detrimental effects on opioid dependent patients, the body, and on future adolescents. Frequently doctors have become carless which causes an upsurge of opioids being overprescribed.
The main tension is created between the differing views the frameworks have on justice, honesty and fairness. There are instances where using Utilitarianism ethics can produce great benefits for the majority, but the actions to achieve these benefits may not be fair, honest, and just or uphold societal/personal duties (Markkula Centre For Applied Ethics, 2014). Within deontology however it is unacceptable to disregard moral rules such as honesty and fairness (Alexander & Moore, 2012). Although deontology is about upholding moral duties and producing a more just and fair society, sometimes tension between different moral duties can hinder this (Alexander & Moore, 2012). For example in this campaign it is the moral duty to keep others from harm, but it is also a moral duty to be honest. As the campaign didn’t meet both moral duties, the practitioner didn’t meet uphold its duty to society. These differing views created tension between the practitioner 's duty to the employer and
In medical school/pharmacology school, medical professionals are taught to treat severe pain with opioids. However, opioids should be prescribed with the possibility of future dependency in mind. Physicians often struggle with whether they should prescribe opioids or seek alternative methodologies. This ethical impasse has led may medical professionals to prescribe opioids out of sympathy, without regard for the possibility of addiction (Clarke). As previously stated, a way to address this is use alternative methods so that physicians will become more acquainted to not not treating pain by means of opioid
My mother is one of the millions of people throughout the United States that had to suffer through her chronic pain because the doctor didn’t prescribe enough medication to make her condition bearable. Throughout America, around 50 to 75 million people suffer from moderate to severe chronic pain. Despite this fact, only 25% of those with this kind of chronic pain are provided with sufficient treatment to control it (Roget and Fisher). This kind of ongoing pain decreases progress in work and daily activities, and as a result it can reduce a person’s overall quality of life (Chronic Pain). This kind of undertreatment of pain happens all the time, yet most people are left to trust the authority of the physician to prescribe the right amount for their pain. The undertreatment of moderate to severe chronic pain is an issue that should be eradicated from the medical field by properly educating physicians about how to evaluate p...
I would uninvent the use of opioids as a pain relief. Though they are extremely effective, they are too effective and it is a really big problem. From a logical, objective, standpoint, opioids cost billions of dollars a year. Between the cost of making, distributing, over doses, methadone clinics, narcan production, ambulance rides, and the many other costs involved with this terrible addiction it is bad for the economy. Not to mention the draw it has on society as a whole. Many addicts are unemployed, having children and then abandoning them, cause car accidents, creating public disturbances and destroying property. Addicts are a complete nuisance in society and rarely contribute. But it is not their fault, addiction is a disease they cannot
Deontology diverges from consequentialism because deontology concentrates on the rightness or wrongness of the actions themselves instead of the consequences. There are different types of deontological theories. According to Kant, theoretical reasoning helps us discover what we should believe whereas the practical reasoning tells us what we should do. Morality falls under theoretical reasoning. In Kantian deontology, motives matter. Rather than consequences, it is the motive of an action makes that action morally right or wrong. Likewise, if an action intends to hurt someone, but eventually it benefits the other person, then it does not make that action morally right. All in all, deontology comes down to common-sense: whether it is a good action or a bad
Deontological moral theory is a Non-Consequentialist moral theory. While consequentialists believe the ends always justify the means, deontologists assert that the rightness of an action is not simply dependent on maximizing the good, if that action goes against what is considered moral. It is the inherent nature of the act alone that determines its ethical standing. For example, imagine a situation where there are four critical condition patients in a hospital who each need a different organ in order to survive. Then, a healthy man comes to the doctor’s office for a routine check-up. According to consequentialism, not deontology, the doctor should and must sacrifice that one man in order to save for others. Thus, maximizing the good. However, deontological thought contests this way of thinking by contending that it is immoral to kill the innocent despite the fact one would be maximizing the good. Deontologists create concrete distinctions between what is moral right and wrong and use their morals as a guide when making choices. Deontologists generate restrictions against maximizing the good when it interferes with moral standards. Also, since deontologists place a high value on the individual, in some instances it is permissible not to maximize the good when it is detrimental to yourself. For example, one does not need to impoverish oneself to the point of worthlessness simply to satisfy one’s moral obligations. Deontology can be looked at as a generally flexible moral theory that allows for self-interpretation but like all others theories studied thus far, there are arguments one can make against its reasoning.
Many therapists can increase the functional abilities of their patient’s lives, I aim to do more than just that. In the last two decades, the United States has experienced an explosion of opioid drug use and abuse. Along with assessing heart rate and blood pressure, pain has become the fifth vital sign used to evaluate a patient’s status in most every healthcare setting. There is now more of an emphasis to manage pain and in turn more and more opioids prescriptions have been written. The United States is currently immersed in an opioid crisis with no discrimination of its victims. Drug overdoses have since become the leading cause of death of Americans under 50 years of age, with two-thirds of those deaths from opioids. The stereotypical street drug user is no longer the norm but rather all socioeconomic levels are affected. There has been a surge of prevalence in middle aged women addicted to pain killers who often suffer in silence and are well equipped to hide their problem. Most everyone knows someone and has had their lives or family affected by drug
The rate of death due to prescription drug abuse in the U.S. has escalated 313 percent over the past decade. According to the Congressional Quarterly Transcription’s article "Rep. Joe Pitt Holds a Hearing on Prescription Drug Abuse," opioid prescription drugs were involved in 16,650 overdose-caused deaths in 2010, accounting for more deaths than from overdoses of heroin and cocaine. Prescribed drugs or painkillers sometimes "condemn a patient to lifelong addiction," according to Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This problem not only affects the lives of those who overdose but it affects the communities as well due to the convenience of being able to find these items in drug stores and such. Not to mention the fact that the doctors who prescribe these opioids often tend to misuse them as well. Abusing these prescribed drugs can “destroy dreams and abort great destinies," and end the possibility of the abuser to have a positive impact in the community.
I feel the biggest public health problem that is having the greatest impact on lives everywhere is opiate addiction. According to the substance abuse and mental health services administration (SAMHSA, 2016) in 2014, 28,647 of drug overdose deaths involved some type of opioid, including heroin . Overdoses are becoming prevalent in every community. The initiation of most addictions are brought on by the prescribed analgesics like oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and methadone (SAMHSA, 2016). Drug addiction in general is a problem, but opiates are on the increase and are destroying many families.
Like Utilitarianism also has two parts to it, the two to parts to deontology are “The Good Will” and the “Categorical Imperative” are the main proponents to deontology. Immanuel Kant states that “The good will, is the only thing possessed of unconditional value: it is valuable it its own right, in every possible circumstance (The Ethical Life, Pg. 87). An example of “good will” is doing an action because you think it is good does not necessarily make that action that you are committing okay. My example would be killing somebody. If you kill someone in self-defense, you killed somebody in order to save your life that is an okay action on your part, but that still does not make killing
Deontology, on the other hand, emphasizes on the moral intuitions that guide one’s conscience for or against certain actions (Curcă, 2013). Deontologists are the opposites of utilitarians because the essential judgment of taking or not taking a course of action is observed in its strictest sense. Apart from feelings and conditions, deontologists also consider the consequences of not following religious rules and natural laws of morality to guide every course of action. Thus, deontologists value three major principles of decision-making: intrinsic morality, the duty of care, and the moral consequences of an action.
We are currently in an era where the profession of public relations is widely viewed as being “spin doctors” and hype can often eclipse reality. Most individuals see public relations as people who manipulate the public mind, rather than tell the truth. We are often accused of distorting reality, propaganda and withholding information. With these circumstances, you could have thought that “ethical public relations” was an oxymoron. Although not everyone is in tune with today’s public relation’s world, it is critical to assert a practitioners' beliefs of ethics in the practice of public relations. Being an ethical public relations practitioner is fundamental, especially when it is your duty to build trust and enhance stakeholders’ reputations.
What I have found to be most interesting about both Deontology and Utilitarianism isn’t their approach to ethics, but rather their end goal. Deontology promotes “good will” as the ultimate good; it claims that each and every person has duties to respect others. On the other hand, Utilitarianism seeks to maximize general happiness. While these may sound rather similar at first glance (both ethical theories essentially center around treating people better), a deeper look reveals different motivations entirely. Deontology focuses on respecting the autonomy and humanity of others, basically preaching equal opportunity. Utilitarianism does not specify any means by which to obtain happiness—happiness is its only mandate. While happiness sounds like a great end goal, it is a rather impractical one and the lack of consideration of motivations and means of utility-increasing actions has some serious negative consequences. I prefer Deontology over Utilitarianism for its focus on individual’s rights, opportunity, and personal autonomy.