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Short history of computers
History of modern computers
History of modern computers
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Fifteen years ago, operating system security was often nothing more than an afterthought to what were once considered “flashy” graphical user interfaces and the ability for a machine to multi-task. Over time, computers evolved from thirty ton, 1,800 square foot calculators to pocket-sized devices capable of surfing the web at lightening fast speeds (Mueller, 2010). As the design of computer technology has changed dramatically since its invention, so has the way humans interact with it. From what was once limited to simple word processing and command-line based applications, computers are now driving the global economy, autonomously operating remote transportation technologies, and securely operating critical infrastructure – all with a limited need for human interaction. In a world where technology is now at the cornerstone of the majority of the world population’s very way of life, it is fundamental to ensure that its foundation is secure.
At a computer’s most basic level, it is the operating system that enables humans to interact with the technology in a meaningful way. Operating systems tie together inputs and outputs, memory and process management, networking, and much more. Though no two operating systems are developed in exactly the same manner, common security themes can be identified that enable systems and valuable data to be protected from adversaries. Renowned security expert Bruce Schneier puts it best when he describes secure systems as ones that “make sure things work, not in the presence of random faults, but in the face of an intelligent and malicious adversary trying to ensure that things fail in the worst possible way at the worst possible time” (Anderson, 2009, p. 17). Three popular operating system sec...
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...are legally prohibited from utilizing the technology due to legislative restrictions – for example Russia, China, and Kazakhstan (PwC). In instances such as these, security administrators will likely be forced to use technologies such as smart cards or USB tokens to provide similar functionalities to the TPM.
Implementation of the TPM is fairly easy because most modern computers have TPM chips integrated as a standard hardware feature. Activating the TPM is commonly performed manually through a system’s BIOS, however many vendors offer packages that can automatically detect and configure the technology across an organization – making implementation incredibly easy. The process of enabling and configuring a TPM on a device typically only takes a few minutes, depending on the number of security measurements and other pieces of data that will be stored on the chip.
TPM or Trusted Platform Module is a microprocessor that has the ability to store credentials or artifacts used to authenticate the platform.
In this section we investigate attacks and threats to our primary devices. These attacks and threats are built off of the vulnerabilities the previous section and help to determine which security controls would be most valuable against future attacks.
The Operating System (OS) is the heart of computer server and client systems; therefore they are the pivotal components of the Information Technology (IT) architecture. The OS contains the crucial data, information, and applications, which are vulnerable, and can be infiltrated to cripple the entire IT architecture of the organization. Therefore, it becomes mandatory to properly safeguard the OS from an internal or external intrusion (Stallings & Brown, 2012). This critical thinking report will highlight the security concerns that may impact the OS. Further, the security guidelines and best practices for the OS in general, along with the specific fundamentals regarding the Windows and Linux OS are comprehensively illustrated.
Nowadays, most of the web, email, database and fileservers are Linux servers. Linux is a UNIX system which implies that it has solid compatibility, stability and security features. Linux is used for the mentioned environments because these services require high security. Further, an increase of attacks on these servers can be observed. Additionally, the methods to prevent intrusions on Linux machines are insufficient. Further, the analysis of incidents on Linux systems are not considered appropriately (Choi, Savoldi, Gubian, Lee, & Lee, 2008). It can also be observed that a lot of investigators do not have experience with Linux forensics (Altheide, 2004).
Security is a wide concept, it is a separated subject with its own theories, "which focus on the process of attack and on preventing, detecting and recovering from attacks" (William 1996). Certainly, these processes should be well organized in coping with the complex system issues. A coherent approach should be taken, which builds on established security standards, procedu...
There is constant concern about different kinds of devices and tools because of their vulnerability: laptops; personal computers in the home; libraries and public workstations; USB Flash Drives and email, to name a few. These items are easily accessible for those attempting to breach security.... ... middle of paper ... ...
This article examines the use of multiple authentication methods to increase the security of a system. Moreover, with the use of biometric methods, the author seeks to show that authentication can occur continually during the time the resources are being utilized.
Would you be interested in a career where you could make fifty thousand dollars a year right out of college? Would you like to have an extremely secure job? Would you like to create a company as successful as Microsoft or Facebook? If so, a career in computer security may be the field for you. As a high school student, you might be wondering what it would be like to work in the field of networking or database security, as well as compare them to similar fields. Today I will give you some general information that might encourage you to seek a degree in the field of computer science, with a concentration in computer security. My goal is to give you information to help you make an informed decision about whether this might be the career for you.
Ever since day one, people have been developing and creating all sorts of new methods and machines to help better everyday life in one way or another. Who can forget the invention of the ever-wondrous telephone? And we can’t forget how innovative and life-changing computers have been. However, while all machines have their positive uses, there can also be many negatives depending on how one uses said machines, wiretapping in on phone conversations, using spyware to quietly survey every keystroke and click one makes, and many other methods of unwanted snooping have arisen. As a result, laws have been made to make sure these negative uses are not taken advantage of by anyone.
As the internet is becoming faster and faster, an operating system (OS) is needed to manage the data in computers. An Operating system can be considered to be a set of programed codes that are created to control hardware such as computers. In 1985 Windows was established as an operating system and a year earlier Mac OS was established, and they have dominated the market of the computer programs since that time. Although, many companies have provided other operating systems, most users still prefer Mac as the most secured system and windows as it provides more multiple functions. This essay will demonstrate the differences between windows
Computers; they are a part of or in millions of homes; they are an intricate part of just about every if not all successful businesses, the government, and the military. Computers have become common place in today’s society and the lives of the people who live in it. They have crossed every national, racial, cultural, educational, and financial barrier, which consequently ushered in the information age. A computer is a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data, and they come in all shapes, and sizes. They can be used for and in just about anything. As stated before, they are used in just about every aspect of modern society. They are so fundamental to modern society that it would be disastrous to society without them. As stated before, there are many areas in modern society that are run by computers. They play an intricate part of millions of homes in the world. Office workers in business, government and the military may use them to write letters, keep rosters, create budgets, find information, manage projects, communicate with workers, and so on. They are used in education, medicine, music, law enforcement, and unfortunately crime. Because computers have become such a part of the world and how it operates, there is a tremendous responsibility for those who are in control of these computers and the vital information that they carry, to manage and protect them properly. This is management and protection is vital because any loss or damage could be disastrous for the affected entity. For example, a mistake or intentional alteration of a personal credit file could affect ones ability to buy a car or home, or can lead to legal actions against the affected person until the mistake or intentional alteration has been corrected. Therefore, with the advent of computers in the information age, and all of the intentional and unintentional violations against them, comes the need to safeguard them and the information they carry with strong systems and policies of computer security.
Mobile devices are being exposed to a record number of security threats with potentially alarming statistics indicating a 400 percent increase in Android malware for example, while Wi-Fi connections are also being increasingly targeted. While the conventional desktop PC will still continue to serve important functions at both consumer and professional levels, there is an expectation that mobile devices will become the predominant form for accessing both personal and professional content it is understandable that cyber criminals have begun focusing on mobile devices which have at the same time grown their user base while substantially consolidating the operating system variants which makes the surface area for a potential attack substantially larger (...
In fact, according to several studies, more than half of all network attacks are committed internally. To determine the best ways to protect against attacks, we should understand the many types of attacks that can be instigated and the damage that these attacks can cause to data. The most common types of attacks include Denial of Service (DoS), password, and root access attacks.... ... middle of paper ... ...
The world is in another cold war, except this time countries are battling for cyber supremacy. Cyberspace is a massive land of ever-changing technology and personal interaction (McGuffin and Mitchell 1). Cyberspace is not only a place where people post pictures and update their profile, but it also plays an enormous role in running a country. Advanced countries use computers to guide their military, keep track of citizens, run their power grids, and hold plans for nuclear devices and nuclear power. Risks to commercial and government concerns are now being noticed and many countries are taking actions to prevent such threats (McGuffin and Mitchell 1).
The invention of the computer was revolutionary and the start of something big in society. In 1982, TIME magazine named the computer to be the “Machine of the Year” and expected hundreds of computers to be sold to businesses and regular consumers. Now it is estimated that over two billion personal computers will be in use by the year 2015; something so amazing and modern does come with its risks for everyone (Hyman, P. 2013). The more computers are being purchased and the more people are using the internet, the more victims are becoming at risk of cyber crimes. Being on the internet is not always safe, whether it may be purchasing a shirt online or checking your emails; people fall under the traps and become a victim of cyber crimes causing such an inconvenience and even ruining certain people’s lives. Cybercrimes are when crimes are conducted through the Internet in which a perpetrator intentionally acts with a computer and gains from the victim’s suffering. There are numerous cybercrimes such as electronic embezzlement and financial theft, computer hacking, malicious sabotage (such as creating and distributing viruses), internet scams and the utilization of computers and its networks for purposes of personal, commercial, or international espionage (Rosoff, S. M., & Pontell, H. N. 2013).