Operant Conditioning In Lord Of The Flies

Skinner believed in operant conditions which is the changing of behavior by use of reinforcement, which is given after the desired response(Wikibooks, 2015). He thought that positive and negative reinforcements lead to strengthen recurring behaviors and that non-reinforced behaviors, or punishments would have a weakening effect on behavior. The 4 types of reinforcers Skinner used were: social, graphic, activity, and tangible reinforcers. Three characteristics of operant conditioning that are important to behavioral management are: the reinforcer, the reinforcement schedule, and

Part of the college experience is getting to live in a residence hall with a roommate. My roommate is a friend from my hometown, Tori, who I’ve known since elementary school. I love Tori, but I hate that she leaves her textbooks and notebooks all over our room. The books trip me in the mornings, make our room look dirty, and leave me little room to do my own homework or walk throughout the room. I understand the behavior if she’s working on the homework at the time, however, she leaves her books out even when she’s out of the room. This behavior didn’t start immediately upon us arriving at Iowa, it started about two weeks into the first semester. Tori got busy, and stopped prioritizing keeping the room tidy.

Operant Conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviour. In other words, a response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus has a larger chance to occur again. Operant conditioning has been studied by many behaviourists. B.F. Skinner is a well-known behaviourists that showed through animal experiments that consequences played a large role in their response behaviour. An famous example of his experiment is where a rat pulled a lever, it will receive food. As result, the rate will pull the lever more frequently. Before proceeding to the description of operant conditioning, it is important to become familiar with the terms reinforce and reinforcement. Reinforcer are the stimuli that increase the chance that the response behaviour will occur again. Different stimuli has effect on different individuals. Reinforcment is the act that is followed by a response with reinforcer.

On the other hand, operant learning is the process by which it is learned that a certain outcome elicits a responsive consequence. This can teach us if we should or should not recreate that scenario. Some behaviors are a result of the person,a child for instance, simply doing something they have seen done. This is in agreement with the clique, “monkey see, monkey do”. Also, organisms with the ability to learn can be taught through the encouragement of reinforcement or the discouragement of punishment. Positive and negative reinforcement and punishment are terms coined by B. F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning.

“Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior” (Cherry). Positive reinforcement which is praising a person for doing something good verses negative reinforcement which is an unpleasant remark a punishment. B.F. Skinner did an experiment on a rat, the rat was taught to push two buttons, one to receive food and the other was a light electric shock. The rat tried both buttons and realized which button was good and which one was bad. This experiment goes to show that upon the rewards and punishment system one can learn their rights from their wrongs through a series of lessons. Kincaid and Hemingway both use operant conditioning to show human behavior under stimulus control.

Skinner developed operant conditioning, another style that can explain how people get and manage voluntary behaviors (Hockenbury and Hockenbury, 2014, pg.199). Operant conditioning is the learning development that associates with changing the probability that a response will be done again by shaping the consequences of that response. One likely outcome of a behavior is reinforcement. Reinforcement is a stimulus that increases the behavior to be repeated in the future. There is two types of reinforcement; positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Both are processes that increase a particular behavior. Both of this ways can affect future behavior, but they do it in different ways. In operant conditioning positive means adding something and negative means removing something. people can know if positive reinforcement has occur if a reinforcing stimulus makes them more possible to repeat a behavior in a similar situation in the future. According to Hockenbury and Hockenbu...

Operant conditioning is a process by which the subject learns due to the consequences of their actions, whether those consequences are negative or positive. The subject displays a specific type of behaviour and the reaction shown towards that behaviour, determines if they are likely to continue to display this type of behaviour, which would happen if positive reinforcement is shown, or if they are unlikely to repeat this type of behaviour, if punishment occurs. Specific tasks can also be encouraged or taught this way through the process of shaping, allowing the subject to learn tasks much more quickly and easily. This type of result was first revealed by Edward L. Thorndike (1898) when he proposed the law of effect. Studies on this topic were

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) fully developed the concept of operant conditioning and how this could explain much of our daily behaviour. Operant conditioning involves an association between a stimulus, the response to the stimulus (a behaviour), and its consequence. In many marketing situations, the behaviour is an action, such as the purchase of a product or shopping at a particular store, and the consequence is a reward in the form of some sort of sales promotion (e.g. a premium discount) that then increases the likelihood that the consumer will repeat the original behaviour. A positive experience with a product (e.g. satisfaction) can also be seen as a reinforcer, as shown in figure 1.

The purpose of this experiment was to find out how many people truly abide by school zone speed limits, and how people react when a speed van and police vehicle are placed in plain sight in a school zone. This is because it appears that many people do not follow school speed limits on a normal basis until there is something or someone present to witness it. The school zone used did not have a radar speed sign in case it had an influence on the results. The control group was the speed of cars without presence of authority. The speeds of 30 cars were recorded in a school zone without a radar speed sign. Then a police vehicle was positioned so that it was visible and the speeds of 30 cars were recorded. Finally, a speed camera van was

Operant Conditioning is a type of learning that reflects behavior through a system of reward and punishment. Through the consequence, a person will learn to see if the behavior is good or bad. An example of operant conditioning regarding my behavior as a college student was during my second year of college. I had a teacher assistant that gave us a stamp card, so she can stamp every time we went to discussion. Each discussion section we were to get three stamps. By the end of the quarter we would need thirty stamps to get full credit. If we got all thirty stamps for attending and participating in discussion sections for the entire ten weeks we would get an extra five points of extra credit. For every discussion section we did not show up, my

B.F. Skinner has been known as one of the most influential psychologists to date. Not only did his popularity grow because of his writings and ideas, but many other psychologists use his ideas in their writings as well (O’Donohue, Ferguson, 2001). Countless psychologists were interested in Skinners theories and ideas, which is why he is so popular still today. Skinner had many ideas in the world of psychology, but what most famous for his ideas of radical behaviorism, operant conditioning, and positive and negative reinforcement. B.F. Skinner looked at behaviorism as operant conditioning. He believed that every human and animal action or behavior had a subsequent consequence. After receiving this consequence following a particular behavior, the human or animal would decide whether or not that behavior should be repeated or not. Skinner did not come up with this concept on his own, but learned it from a psychologist named John B. Watson. While Watson’s ideas of radical behaviorism were very prevalent during the early 1900’s, in due course it lost a lot of its popularity. Shortly after the downfall of Watson’s B.F. Skinner created his own adaptation of behaviorism. Skinners adaptation of behaviorism almost instantly went viral. The influence this aspect of psychology had on people was substantially higher than the influence that Watson’s rendition had (Mowrer, 2001, p. 4). This was the birth of B.F. Skinner’s rising popularity in the psychology world.

Though most people associate this theory with B.F Skinner, the roots go back to John Watson, an American psychologist. After speaking out on his apposing views of Freud’s theory of psychology, he pioneered a new school of thought- behaviorism. Watson explained it to be the science of observable behavior which he believed was the only form of behavior that could be of real value for the study of humans. His sole reason for apposing Freud’s theory of the unconscious mind was because it was not observable and was based on the psychologist’s own interpretation. “Watson found this emphasis on introspection and subjective interpretation to be very unscientific and unhelpful in understand behavior,” (Weibell, 2011). While Watson focused on classical conditioning, B.F Skinner developed operant conditioning, which gave him the name “father of operant conditioning”. “…it means roughly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desired response” (McLeod,

Skinner (1938) created the term operant conditioning; it means unevenly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is assumed after the desired response. Skinner acknowledged three kinds of responses or operant that can follow behavior.

Operant Conditioning is a way of learning that uses rewards and punishments for certain behaviors. It was first coined by BF Skinner. It is also known as Skinner Conditioning. It creates an association between a consequence and a behavior. Sometimes it is also referred to as response-stimulus conditioning. Operant conditioning is related to classical condition but focuses more on why the behavior is happening & what the drive is behind it to accomplish the task at hand.