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The important concepts of operant conditioning
Compare and contrast the concept of classical conditioning and operant conditioning theories of learning
Operant conditioning exprt
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Operant Conditioning
Introductory Narrative
Since the arrival of our twins undesirable behavior has manifested in one of our 11 yr. old. While initially very conscienscious in helping attend to the infants & her ordinary duties, she has become accustomed to playing with them mostly now. This play in itself is great, except they no longer get the changing & feeding expected. Furthermore she uses them as an excuse now to put off doing the minimal domestic maintenance formerly performed. She is generally unresponsive to negative reinforcement options. Past experience shows she responds best to tactile & humanistic behaviorist techniques, backed up by specific instruction from our sacred texts observed in our household.
This gestalt prompts the selected behavior to be maintaining the involvement with the infants while reinforcing the responsibilities to their health & hygiene during that time when she has charge of them. Furthermore, if she chooses to continue spending the vast majority of her time with them in a properly responsible fashion the minimum domestic responsibilities of her room, clothing & kitchen, cannot be ignored. Also she makes incredible messes when she indulges in extended play, her creativity will be encouraged without sacrificing a significant portion of the household to her extravagances.
At the operant level change will be effected by restricting activity to appropriate household locals. The necessity of maintaining order & restoring the orderly state of the environment will be reinforced with positive attention. As a stimulus for taking on the additional responsibility of the infants care rewards will be implemented after discussion of goals with the child. Positive progress will be met with mo...
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...ill be employed in measured response to the degree of non-compliance. Neutrality will not be an option, as the status quo will be extinguished through positive & negative reinforcement.
The contingencies will in summary run from casual reinforcement during oversight. Positive behavior will be rewarded by encouragement & access to privileged activity, negative behavior will result in time out & loss of privileges (i.e.: TV, special events etc.). On a weekly basis goals will be assessed & material gain or loss will be established. While normal allowance amounts will not be affected, access to it will be. If behavior is significantly below par bonus awards (Barbie's etc.) as discussed earlier may be disallowed & that portion normally expendable for incidentals (30%) will be put into the savings fund which may not be accessed by the child for all practical purposes.
When Antonio was seven years old, he had a very bad flu and was hospitalized. He was able to recover without complications, but he noticed that whenever he drove by the hospital he was treated at that he would start to feel sick to his stomach.Unconditioned stimulus in Antonio's case was initially the hospital. The unconditioned response to being at the hospital was he didn't feel well. Then the Hospital became the conditioned response by making Antonio feel sick when he had to visit or drive by the hospital. It is because he associated the hospital (CS) with feeling ill. The hospital where he was treated for the sickness is the conditioned stimulus (CS), causing him to remember what occurred and inducing his stomach to hurt (CR) which is an conditioned response. This is an example of classical
Joshua Klein was at a cocktail party with his friends when one was complaining about the crows in their yard. Joshua mentioned that they should train them to do something useful, and the friend responded that it was impossible. This is what brought Klein to his idea of making a vending machine for crows. Klein studied crows and found that they adapt a lot to live in our world. He figured he would make something useful and beneficial for both the birds and us. After spending years reading about crows, Klein made his vending machine.
The caregiver arriving would cause the behaviours of, clinging, making noises and crying to discontinue. The protected foundations of the affectionate bonds occurring between parent and infant representation becomes part of the internal working model. Those become the foundations and the heart of a...
Operant conditioning is a kind of conditioning, which examines how often a behavior will or occur depending on the effects of the behavior (King, 2016, pg. ). The words positive and negative are used to apply more significance to the words reinforcement or punishment. Positive is adding to the stimulus, while negative is removing from the stimulus (King, 2016). For instance, with positive reinforcement, there is the addition of a factor to increase the number of times that the behavior occurs (King, 2016). An example of positive reinforcement is when a child is given an allowance for completing their household chores. The positive reinforcement is the allowance which helps to increase the behavior of doing chores at home. In contrast with negative
To begin, enrolling a child in a child care program can be beneficial for the child in terms of his/her social and emotional development as well as educational achievement. The experience itself seems to have an overall positive effect on children. Firstly, in the area of social interaction, child care aids in develop...
Overall both theorists want to establish the influence they believe will help these infants later as they progress over time. Either it is helping children create learned behaviors or instill protective factors through secure attachments with their primary caregivers. Although most general views are conflicting it is important to notice the main motivation is on the infant and their development. Both theorists attempt to compensate through the techniques of daycare they execute to ensure the child is receiving satisfactory care and developing appropriately. The views on how caregivers should react and interact contrast but both theories still look to protect and care for the child.
...as an individual, still finding a sense of closeness with their caregiver. The perceptions that are formed as an infant are progressively construed to structure who we are, what we do, and why we do the things we do. These long-term effects appear to grow and are constructive as internal working models which shape our behavior, self perception, sense of self, and our expectations of other people.
It discusses how children are born with that needs to connect with individuals around them. Teachers and providers create positive relationship with children from birth through the early years. The foundation for that healthy social and emotional development because it affects her children see the world, express themselves, manages their emotions, in establishing a positive relationship with others. There were several areas of development that included social interactions that focus on the relationship that we share and include relationship with adults and peers. Emotional awareness recognized and understands your feelings and actions of other people, and self-regulation where you have that ability to express your thoughts, feelings, and behavior in a socially appropriate way. There were many tips that were listed when working with infants from talking and reading, having that warm, responsive, and consistent care, maintaining predictable routines, and getting to know each child while following their lead. The importance of supporting children and developing social skills is critical for learning, happiness, and long-term. This development begins during infancy and can be supported through simple social games, emotional role model, and imitating an infant's facial expression and sounds. The importance of social-emotional development and toddlers makes an impact in a child life when these skills are developed starting in infancy. Encouraging positive behaviors and using positive discipline practices that helped to develop the ability to make good choices as well as recognizing the confidence that is built when these behaviors are repeated. This is a process for young children to learn these behaviors always remembering that a patient response will help especially when the behaviors are
Nevid, J. S. (2012). Essentials of psychology: Concepts and applications. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
...lance of direction and an ideal growing environment can be provided. Improvements in the quality of life (particularly social) within the home and the educational system will follow the institution of these ideas.
Residential childcare provides a wide range of services for people aged 12-18 years old. Many of the services that Residential Childcare provides are aimed at providing the highest standard of care for their service users, these services are derived for the individuals care plans. This includes meeting each individuals needs and taking into consideration the pace in which they develop and also their background. Residential childcare provides a service called “High Support” for young people where they have a sense of responsibility in dealing with their experiences to gain knowledge and understanding of their own behaviours and personalities. For example: Gleann álainn. Other services they provide for young people would be gaining respect, empowerment,
Authoritarian parenting style consists of strict rules. Rules are set in place with the expectation that children will follow them. If said rules are not followed, the child receives a punishment without an explanation. According to Baumrind, authoritarian parents “are obedience-and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation” (1991).
They could quiet and regulate themselves, but their appetite for engaging the outer world and bringing it into their own was especially sharp.” This specific example is about infants, and already they are showing improved cognitive abilities by having the father figure in their lives. As they grow it will only become more beneficial. Problem solving skills are necessary in all areas of life which will help them succeed. And a good ability to adapt will improve the child’s character and make life easier for
A routine; it provides life with structure. For many, it’s a necessity to maintain order and keep life void of chaos. These structures differ from person to person and are directly affected by the needs of each individual. As one grows older, these needs change and thus do the routine that they follow. In certain phases of life routines can begin to repeat. The routines that dictate the daily life of both infants and the elderly are akin. From dawn to dusk, they share similarities not present in any other stage of life. Both require a level of attention that is not a necessity in other phase in life. Often both need aid to get out of bed, and even need assistance during the night. Very often, infants and elders will also require support when washing, walking, eating, getting dressed, and many other tasks that parallel each other. For infants, parents or guardians often are there to help. In elderly this could come from family, such as their own grown childr...
These article are about parenting roles and the effect it has on raising our children and the development of a child. In fact, the author research has revealed that different parenting skills can influence a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological growth, which affects children both in the childhood years, and as an adult. The reason being is that children develop through a falling and the parent not rushing to make sure the child is okay this let the child know they will fall and it will hurt for a little while but it they are okay. The fact that parents are in a child’s life which will influence him/her either negatively or positively. This paper discusses some of the issues about being an overprotected parent and the effect it has on the child through adulthood.