Ontology contains a set of concepts and relationship between concepts, and can be applied into information retrieval to deal with user queries.
Challenges in interpreting a query from different ontologies:
• It is not possible to determine in advance which ontologies will be relevant to a particular query.
• User queried keyword has to be translated into ontology-centric terminologies.
• Answer to a query may require the integration of information from multiple ontologies.
Our approach is to keep the ontologies separate. We assume they use the same description logic, even though not essentially the same vocabulary (i.e. they can use different names for the same concept and/or the same names for different concepts). The aim is to create a collaborative system in which ontology co-operate with one another to answer questions about the information they have. Hence, hoping to locate more of the matches we need to find, we can make use of multiple ontologies as background knowledge.
There will be difference in the level of details given by different ontologies on the same domain. This poses extra challenges to select the ontology that has the accurate level of detail. Ontology selection is the process of identifying one or more ontologies that satisfy certain criteria. These criteria can be related to topic coverage of the ontology. The actual process of inspecting whether ontology satisfies certain criteria is fundamentally an ontology evaluation task. In this approach ontology concepts are compared to a set of query terms that represent the domain. It first tries to determine ontologies that contain the given keyword. If no matches are found, it queries for the synonyms of the term and then for its hypernyms. The ontology se...
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...causes and treatment of dairy fever? 0.80 0.95
How can we diagnose “bronze john” disease? 0.75 0.90
Which health policies cover treatment of American plague? 0.25 0.50
How can we detect ‘bad blood’ disease in children? 0.45 0.80
5 Conclusion
This paper has presented a multiple ontology query processing method and analyzed case studies on domain-specific ontology based query expansion. Use of ontologies for information retrieval, in particular their use in the area of query expansion is presented. Concept-based query expansion retaining original keywords yields more desirable and useful results. Compound words add complexity to the query expansion, however further research experiments are desirable to study the effects of using ontology for query expansion. Finally further research is outlined for the exploit of ontology based information retrieval in Cloud.
Thematic analysis is espoused to be the foundational approach to qualitative analysis and methods (Saunders et al., 2016 as stated in Braun and Clarke, 2006: 78) and it is a useful method used to identify and analyse the order and patterns of qualitative data (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Qualitative research method depicts the correlation that exists between data and events, creating the pictorial representation of what one thinks a given data says (Saunders et al., 2016). They also opined that, qualitative data analysis is cogent, interactive and iterative. Also, Joana and Jill (2011) and Saunders et al (2016) postulate that, qualitative research brings meanings from words and images as opposed to numbers. However, despite its robustness and rigour of its application, it is skewed more to the interpretivist ideologies since researchers draw conclusion from participants and the hypothesis being forecasted (Joana and Jill, 2011; Saunders et al., 2016).
Core knowledge is a psychological theory that proposes the idea that children have innate cognitive abilities that are the product of evolutionary mechanisms, called nativism. The theoretical approach of constructivism also includes that children have domain-specific learning mechanisms that efficiently collect additional information for those specific domains. The core knowledge theory is primarily focused on whether our cognitive abilities, or capacities, are palpable early on in development, or if these capacities come up during a later developmental phase (Siegler 168).
Information Retrieval (IR) is to represent, retrieve from storage and organise the information. The information should be easily access. User will be more interested with easy access information. Information retrieval process is the skills of searching for documents, for information within documents and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching relational databases and the World Wide Web. According to (Shing Ping Tucker, 2008), E-commerce is rapidly a growing segment in the internet.
Roach, S. M. (1988). Caring ontology: ethics and the call of suffering. International Journal for
In today’s fast paced technology, search engines have become vastly popular use for people’s daily routines. A search engine is an information retrieval system that allows someone to search the...
CYC is a very large, multi-contextual knowledge base and inference engine. The development of CYC was started at the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation(MCC) during the early 1980s and continued at Cycorp, Inc. On January 1, 1995 at Austin, Texas. Doug Lenat, the former head of the CYC Project at MCC and the president of Cycorp at present, has lead the development of the CYC project from the beginning. The goal of the Cyc project is to break the software brittleness bottleneck once and for all by constructing a foundation of basic common sense knowledge system and semantic substratum of terms, rules, and relations that will enable a variety of knowledge-intensive products and services. T...
...e in retrieval of knowledge. The author cites the example of Buckman Laboratories, which successfully used the interactive approach to knowledge management. This organization, which originally sold chemical products, chose to offer solutions to its customers’ chemical treatment problems. It used innumerable “field associates” across the world, who had several years experience in solving such problems. Their tacit knowledge, based on experience and expertise was harnessed through interactive knowledge management. An online knowledge management infrastructure was created that was independent of time zones, location, language and even computer proficiency. The field associates interacted on a common platform, and their conversations, contributions and information exchanges were recorded, preserved and made available to all via K’Netix, The Buckman Knowledge Network.
Concepts are determined by attributes and definitions of key terms. Relationships are determined by concepts, and data derived from the various source vocabularies.
The central branch of metaphysics is known as ontology. This dives into the kinds of things that exist in the world and relations these things bear on one another. However, other areas that a metaphysician attempts to clarify may be how people understand the world, including existence, object hood, space and time to name a few.
	Plato tried to solve this dilemma of ontology with his theory of the forms. "You have before your mind these two orders of things, the visible and the intelligible,"3 he says, which can be compared to opinion and knowledge respectively. In The Republic he uses a line analogy to explain the connection between what we perceive and what really exists. Dividing a line in four unequal parts gives us the four stages of understanding with a state of being on one side of the line corresponding to a state of understanding on the other side of the line.
Developing an ontology of political entities which contains the names of the political actors , their variants ( acronyms), and their roles in the political scope.
The ontological question about 'what there is' in the world, is, in Quine's words, "a shared concern of philosophy and most other non-fiction genres." (1) It is the use of more general or broader categories, such as, for instance, physical objects or classes, that distinguishes the ontological philosopher's interest in what there is from the scientist's.
Knowledge databases – This is a basic form of E – Learning which offers you to explanations and methods for things to do step by step by a single search for any problem.
To try come up with an answer to these questions; he brings into consideration four political outlooks. The various ontologies and epistemologies looked at by the author are:
Nowadays, information is the cornerstone of the modern enterprise and the web became the largest and most accessible information resources. The ability to gather, arrange, manipulate information with computers has given practice as well as for business people in order to manage information in an effective way. Information retrieval is a process and techniques of searching and interpreting information in order to store the data for easy retrieval when needed. The development of information retrieval systems is reviewed from its early history to the present time. The article entitled “Seven Ages of Information Retrieval”, written by Michael Lesk explained about the history or the beginning of information retrieval based on the imaginary of Vannevar Bush’s 1945 and theory of Warren Weaver in 1949 and the author try to relate with ideology of Shakespeare 1955 which is seven ages of man, starting from infancy and leading to senility. This article gives useful information about transformation of information retrieval. From my observation, there have many important elements that have been discussed in this article but what are really give impact to me is people, theory and transformation.