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Constructivism and behaviorism learning theory
Constructivism and behaviorism learning theory
Essays on the constructivist approach to learning
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Terms such as “delivering education” or “delivering knowledge” have all been used at one time or another in television commercials or internet advertisements to refer to the education provided in the field of distance education. However, if we look at the official definition of the word delivered as presented in the Merriam-Webster dictionary we find that the word is derived from the term “deliver” which means “to take or hand over.” In this paper I will demonstrate that because constructivist online learning environments follow the constructivism learning paradigm that involves both cognitive and social interaction of knowledge, the term delivered should not be used to describe good online learning environments. Brief over view of the history of Distance Education Online learning environments did not self generate but are the fifth generation of distance education. According to Moore and Kearsley, the development of distance education is divided into five generations. The first correspondence, second broadcasting, third open universities, fourth interactive teleconferencing and the fifth online Internet-based (Moore & Kearsley, 2005). Of all the generations of distance education the one most resembling the term “delivering education” would be the first generation. This generation consisted of educational assignments were delivered to the learner. Once completed the learner returned the assignment to the instructor through the postal system and awaited the next assignment (Moore, 2005). This initial system of distance education may be viewed as “surface or shallow approach to learning (e.g., emphasis on memorizing, simple recall of facts” (Bullen & Janes, 2007, p. 106) However, as the technology of distance education co... ... middle of paper ... ... teaching, and technology. Retrieved from http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Prouix, J. (2006). Constructivism: A re-equilibration and clarification of concepts, and some potential implications for teaching and pedagogy. Radical Pedagogy, 7(1), 5. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Powell, K. C., & Kalina, C. J. (2009). Cognitive and Social Constructivism: Developing Tools for an Effective Classroom. Education, 130(2), 241-250. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Pullen, M. & Snow, C. (2007) Integrating synchronous and asynchronous internet distributed education for maximum effectiveness. Education and Information Technologies. Doi: 10.1007/s10639-007-9035-7 Vygostsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in society: The development of higher mental process. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
The efficiency of online learning versus face-to-face instruction is a growing controversial topic. In his article, “Can You Be Educated from a distance?”, James Barszcz weighs the benefits and disadvantages of online education. In his essay, he discusses the fundamentals and overall quality of distance education, as well as the rationale behind the growing trend. He argues that observation of teachers and social aspects of traditional learning are important for true education, rather than simply obtaining information. Barszcz uses thorough juxtaposition between distance and traditional classrooms unbiasedly so the differences between the two types of education are easily seen, while constant use of studies and surveys add justification to his argument.
Powell, K. Kalina, C. (2009). Cognitive and Social Constructivism: Developing Tools for an Effective Classroom. Education, 130(2), 241-250. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=1937522441&Fmt=7&clientId=22212&RQT=309&VName=PQD. (Document ID: 1937522441).
Powell, Katherine C, Kalina, Cody J “Cognitive and social constructivism: Developing tools for an effective classroom” Education, Winter2009, Vol. 130 Issue 2, p241-250, 10p
Mead, G. H. 1934. Mind, self and society and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978) Mind in Society: The development of higher mental processes, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Constructivism represents a paradigm shift form education based on cognitive theories. This concept assumes that learners construct their own knowledge on the basis of interaction with their environment. (Gagnon & Collay, 200?) The role of the teacher as a constructor of the learning experience to ensure authentic curriculum and assessment which is responsive to the skills, needs and experiences of the learner, within established curriculum framework and with the reference to the achievement of literacy, numeracy, retention and attainment of outcomes. Krause, Bochner and Duchesne (p.157) comment that “as learners interact with their environment, they link information learned through experience to previous knowledge, and so construct new understandings and knowledge.” Constructivism then inturn encourages Teachers and Learning Managers to recognise the value of prior knowledge and experiences that each child brings with them into the classroom, and help them (the students) build on their understandings of the world by providing appropriate learning experience plans.
Caruso, C. (2008). Bringing Online Learning to Life. Educational Leadership, 65(8) 70. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Distance learning, sometimes called e-learning, is a formalized teaching and learning system specifically designed to be carried out remotely by using electronic communication. People could find out distance learning on the internet or searching form the school, sometimes teachers would introduce the best or the most credibility distance learning web. Such as class.com and University of Phoenix, etc. Distance learning is less expensive and is not constrained by geographic considerations; it offers opportunities in situations where traditional education has difficulty operating. Students with scheduling or distance problems can benefit, as can employees, because distance education can be more flexible in terms of time and can be delivered virtually anywhere. Under the unified leadership of the distance learning education, the modern distance learning education work gradual increase the number of school has now reached a certain scale. However, not every school or any distance learning education has clear idea for the modern education. Many people have differences understandings and it formed a big deviation. It can be said, for the purpose of developing the distance learning education and the hopes has not formed a consensus, which leads to very often difficult to form in the actual work force.
Online education is a booming trend in the education world. It is something different than the traditional classroom. It is allowing student around the world the opportunity to get an education. Online education allows student to have a more proficient and cheaper way of learning. Having multiple ways to give a student an education allows all learning types to find their own way of learning. Education changes lives but it can be difficult for students to get to a classroom to sit through an hour class 4 times a week, this can be for many different reasons. There are many doubts about online education, but this a new world without borders it is a new opportunity for people from all over the world to get an education.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind In Society:the development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press.
Rhinehart Neas, Linda M., ed. "Constructivist Theory: Pros and Cons." Bright Hub Education. N.p., 6 Jun 2012. Web. 31 Jan 2014. <, eds. "Constructivist Learning Theory: Pros & Cons." Bright Hub Education. N.p., 6 Jun 2012. Web. 31 Jan 2014. . >.
The roots of synchronous teaching can be date back to the use of closed circuit television in the campus university in decade of 1940. Video conferencing and interactive television which connected remote classrooms came into work in the 1980’s, which allowed students to ask their questions and have discussion’s (Bernard et al., 2004). “Synchronous communication and collaboration tools, such as synchronous text chat, audio-conferencing, video-conferencing, and white boards, are increasingly important components of online learning” (National Center for Accessible Media, 2005). The users of synchronous mode are not limited to individuals and can be multiply used, which have become common teaching applications, though they are considered optional course features (Burnett, 2003).
Many people think online education can be more expensive than a traditional school setting. Previous generations did not have the option for online learning experience, so why should we start now? An interesting point about online education is that LeBaron (2010) states, “The largest school in the U.S. is the University of Phoenix Online, with a whopping 380,232 students. That’s over 5x more than the largest public school, Arizona State University, which has 68,064 students” (para. 7). Despite the cost effectiveness, distance education is becoming the educational model of the future.
People have a lot of options in educating themselves online in today’s time and technology. Online education has improved a lot in the past twenty years. Even though it has had its setbacks, it continues to show promising results. Online education has many benefits with little to no disadvantages. It provides flexibility in scheduling and offers various options in educational online programs. In the past decade, education has evolved into a more technological-driven world.
Beside that“… [that] some U.S. states are now requiring young people to take a least one online course during their schooling” (Loertscher, Koechlin 50). The term of the online learning, it is demonstrated through some software have been provided by private cooperation to schools. These software such as Blackboard, Webex. Litmos, and others. Therefore, the online learning has become more available and reliable because of the technology development in the 21st century inspire of technology. When it comes to the online learning been provided by the schools and other educational institutes some argued that, it will reduce the education cost, saves time, and provide more quality of the learning, but other said it will not make any differences and lower the quality of