Abstract: In J.E. Peterson article "Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman" he talks about how Oman's population is mostly Arab and either Ibadi or Sunni Muslim, and it still exhibits a huge diversity of different ethnic groups which usually increases the diversity of the different languages spoken in the country. These other ethnic groups are much smaller in size, but as the author says in his article "they are represented in such areas as politics and commerce in numbers disproportionate to the weight of their communities and, although distinctive, are more or less woven into the social fabric of the country". These ethnic groups are likely to experience a decline in their identity as they mix in different places like in education, workplace, …show more content…
Starting with the Hindus, Peterson explains in this article how did the Indian community, especially the Hindu start in Oman: " It should not be surprising that Oman's window on the Indian Ocean and its long trading links with the Indian subcontinent should have given rise to the presence of Indian merchants in Muscat for many centuries. Many of these were Banians, Hindu merchants from Sind and Gujara". The author points out that now only a small number of Hindu families remains in Oman, and that they mostly speak a language called Kutchi. He then moves on to talk about two other small groups of Indian origin, which are the Kumbhars and the Sonabara. He mentioned that both of them are living in a place in Matarah called the Kumbar quarter. It is mentioned that the Kumbhars in Oman work in pottery and bread-making, while the Sonabara specialize as goldsmiths. The religion of both communities is originally Hindu, but now they are Muslims. The final ethnic community with Indian origin mention in the article is the Lawatiyya, also known as Hydrabadis or Khojas. Their religion is Shi'a, in fact it is mentioned in the article that they are the largest of Oman's Shi'a groups, and the language they speak is Kutchi as well. The author pointed out that they mostly live in Matrah but some live in other towns as well like Barka and al-Masna'a, he also pointed out that the Lawatiyya had very limited roles in politics, and that is because they are regarded to be foreigners by other Omanis. (Peterson, 2004,
"You arrive at a village, and in this calm environment, one starts to hear echo."
98.8% of the population is made up of ethnic Somalis (Kraus). Other minority groups include Arabs, Indians, Italians, and Pakistanis. Most Somalis are nomadic or semi nomadic herders of livestock. The rest are either crop farmers or inhabitants of the few urban centers. The official languages of the country are Somali and Arabic and the state religion is Islam (“Somalian People”).
The Arab American community The Arab American community has a population of about 1.8 million Arab descendants or immigrants that has been residing in the US since 1980, they are coming from different parts of the Middle east such as Sudan,Syria,Irak, Morocco, Jordania, Palestine, Somalia, Egypt and Lebano. They began to arrive in Michigan after Detroit in 1967, today is a huge the Arabic American is a huge community in that area of Michigan, They tend to maintain their culture and characterize as being a united community. They are financial support each other through community and religious organizations, they share their resources with other family or community members, here in the Middle East as well, helping their relatives that’s staying in their country to buy land and build houses and establish agricultural business. The Arabic community tends to naturalize as American Citizens, getting involved in the political activity that makes them one of the cultures that enhance in the assimilation process.
To most people ethnicity is shown by values, lifestyles, customs, and rituals that are personal to an individual ethnic group or religion. The feeling of belonging to a certain group is a basic need for mankind. In a sense, ethnicity can be separated into two particular categories, a unique social structure and culture heritage passed down from one generation to the next.
Ethnicity is a self-defined social construct; it is a shared sense of belonging to a social group (Scheppers et al. 2005). Ethnic minority groups are individuals within a soci...
Culture, is defined as the beliefs, customs, arts, and way of life of a particular society, group, place, or time of a particular society or group of people. (Merriam_Webster Incorporated) The concentrated focus of the content herein will surround the customs, beliefs, attitudes, and ways of life that have come to dictate how Egypt and the Egyptian people have gone from a Sub-Saharan dynasty of rule to the revolutionary culture we see today. Provisionary concepts that will provide awareness to the societal impacts the Egyptian people have created or endured will align with the Civil Considerations outlined if Field Manual 3-24 “Counter Insurgency” which are areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events. (Army)
According to most, ethnicity usually is displayed in the values, attitudes, lifestyles, customs, rituals, and personality types of individuals who identify with particular ethnic groups. Ethnic identifications and memberships in an ethnic group has farreaching effects on both groups and individuals, controlling assess to opportunities in life, feeling of well being and mastery over the futures of one's child and future. These feelings of belonging and attachment to a certain group of people for whatever reason are a basic feature of the human condition. These ties are called "ethnic ties" and the group of people that one is tied to is an "ethnic group." In the general sense, an ethnic group consists of those who share a unique social and cultural heritage that is passed on from generation to generation.
In the book, Women in the Middle East, a Saudi Arabian proverb states, "A girl possesses nothing but a veil and a tomb" (Harik and Marston 83). The key words, "veil" and "tomb" lend evidence to the fact that many Middle Eastern women lack identity symbolized by the “veil” and lack the right of ownership except for their veil and the tomb. This statement further enforces the notion that many women in the Middle East are expected to serve and tolerate the oppression of the men in their lives throughout their lives on this earth. Moreover, it confirms that many of these women do not get the opportunity to obtain education, join the work force, and even participate in the political affairs of the country. This arrangement further helps the Middle Eastern men to view women as their properties, servants, or even as slaves. Ultimately, there are three main reasons why Middle Eastern men engage in the act of oppressing their women.
Peterson, J. (2008, December). Arabian Peninsula Background Notes. Retrieved from Arabian Peninsula Background Notes: http://www.jepeterson.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/APBN-007_Tribes_and_Politics_in_Yemen.pdf
The Women of the Middle East have played substantial roles for their corresponding countries since the advent of colonialism in the region. Middle Eastern women have worked in all types of fields including medicine, education, agriculture, government, private sector, and even defense. They have kept roofs over their family’s heads while their husbands were away in wars, or even in foreign countries to work in jobs that they could not find in their own countries. The roles of women in the countries of Yemen and Oman are no exception, but while they still find ways to contribute to their country, they care constantly stereotyped, discriminated, and ridiculed by men who are known and unknown to them. This paper will discuss the individual contributions of the women living in Yemen and Oman, and will discuss in further state laws and cultural norms that are affecting the women living in these countries today.
The Arab world consists of twenty-two countries encompassing all of North Africa and much of the Middle East. The Arab people number over 360 million and while they share a common language, there is a surprising degree of diversity among them, whether in terms of nationality, culture, religion, economics, or politics. (McCaffrey, 3) Most inhabitants of the Ar...
Arab is not a race, but is a group of individuals that are united by their culture and history (ADC, 2014). There are many different variations commonly based on a particular individual’s country of origin such as Arab Americans. Other variations are based on their social class, the level of their education, if they live urbanely or rurally, or the time they have spent in the United States (Lipson & Dubble, 2007). Most Arabs also practice Islamic religion and are Muslim. When working with an Arab or Muslim client, nurses should ask what the client wishes to be referred to so as not to offend them in any way (Lipson & Dubble, 2007).
With 1.5 billion followers worldwide, the religion of Islam is the second most popular religion over the entire globe, and follows a strict set of rules derived from the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, a messenger of God, or Allah. Founded in 622 C.E. (also known as A.D.) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Islam is a strictly monotheistic religion that drew inspiration from earlier religions like Christianity and Judaism. It is divided into three different sections- the Sunni, Shi’a and Sufi sects. The Qur’an is the holy book of Islam, and is considered the unaltered word of Allah. All followers of Islam adhere to many high standards of living and daily practices meant to better their lives like The Twelve Imams, among others. Islam brings together many different aspects of peaceful and devoted living that bring together the billions of followers to one family.
The Mamluk sultanate was established in Cairo in 1250 with the defeat of the Ayyubid dynasty and solidifying control of Egypt and Syria. The Mamluks were Turkic slave soldiers and had existed as regimental groups throughout the Ayyubid dynastic area, and were purchased as servants to the state and the overthrow of the Ayyubids by the Mamluks marks the supremacy of the the military slave state in the Islamic world. Mamluk society and rule was largely non-hereditary and presumably implemented to reduce factionalism but in actuality enhanced it as the death of each sultan brought on questions of succession and legitimacy. Sultans were at the mercy of their Amirs, or commanders, both for legitimacy through loyalty and military allegiance and also for the authority to rule. The Mamluk state was largely decentralized as a result, with the Iqta system the representing the primary means of income along with taxation, and a largely disenfranchised native population who due to their non-slave status were barred from administrative or military participation. Rampant factionalism as a result of a military slave state apparatus defined the Mamluk state, at once creating a highly regimented and yet fragmented society.
There are also minority communities within the MENA Arab majority states for whom Arabic is not their native language, including the Kurds, Berbers, and many other groups. At the same time, there are many Arabic speakers who live in non-Arab majority states, like Iran. Although there is a great deal of overlap, the MENA region and the Arab world are not the same thing. As a result of this understanding, as a regional organisation for cooperation, the Arab league for example, is based purely on Arabic speaking countries which are apart from the MENA region (Table. 3.1the Main Regional and Sub-Regional Organisations in MENA