The theological view during the High Middle Ages was that after Christ’s death, his soul and his body are separated. His body remains in the tomb and his soul is harrowing Hell—rescuing old souls from the old days. The soul and body exist but are no longer together, so that Christ is dead. The metaphysical picture presented here is that we have a complex (Christ’s human nature) which is destroyed at the time of his death without destroying its parts (the intellectual soul and the body). So, all the parts of the human being exist, but you do not have the human. How does William of Ockham account for this metaphysical dilemma? What is the difference between our humanity and Christ’s humanity? Would a classical extensional mereologist accept or reject Ockham’s definition of Christ’s humanity? This paper is divided into four sections: (I) Ockham’s View of Humanity; (II) Ockham’s Metaphysical Response to the Theological Issue of Christ’s Death; (III) The Classical Extensional Mereological …show more content…
Ockham defines ‘subject’ as a complete thing (one thing) that is sustained by no subject and that is not added to anything else; since once something is added to it, it ceases to be a ‘subject’. So, ‘humanity’ sustains nothing in it of itself, whereas ‘man’ sustains something, namely a ‘humanity’. The nominal definitions of the names ‘man’, ‘humanity’, and ‘subject’ are thus instrumental in understanding the distinction between our humanity and Christ’s humanity. For example, Socrates is humanity since he is not a self-sustaining subject, whereas Christ is man since he is a self-sustaining subject. So, there are 2 ways of being a human: (1) our humanity—being your body and soul composite free-standing with no self-sustaining subject; and (2) Christ’s humanity—being a divine nature self-sustaining a body and a soul composite
INTRODUCTION The medieval theologian Julian of Norwich was a mystic, writer, anchoress and spiritual director for her time. She is gaining in popularity for our time as she provides a spiritual template for contemplative prayer and practice in her compilation of writings found in Revelations of Divine Love. The insightful meditations provide the backdrop and basis for her Trinitarian theology’s embrace of God’s
One of the main principles of Christianity is the belief in both the divinity and humanity of Jesus, that these two natures are combined harmoniously in one being. In general, all modern Christians believe that Jesus was human, he was considered to be “The Word was made flesh” (John, I: 14). However, Jesus was more than just a human, despite being subjected to pain, suffering and death like all other human beings, he was sinless and also possessed the power to heal and to defy death in order to ascend, both body and spirit, into heaven. He was all man and all God, a combination of these two elements, remaining distinct but united in one being. The deity of Jesus is a non-negotiable belief in Christianity, which is referred to in many parts of scripture, “God was revealed in the flesh” (I Timothy, 3:16). The Christian faith does not perceive Jesus as God but rather a reincarnation of God, a mysterious deity who is the second person of the Holy Trinity. Throughout history, controversy has surrounded the issue of the humanity and divinity of Jesus, leading to the formation of Docetism, the belief that Jesus was fully divine but not fully human, Arianism, that Jesus was superior to all of creation, but less divine than God, and Nestorius, that there were two separate persons within Jesus. This the proportion of the divine and human within Je...
Normally, it is generally believed that the statement gap between broadminded and conventional Christian theologians is more ruthless than the statement gap between broadminded and conventional Politicians. Most of the time the Politicians are fewer forced to confront each other in elections but the broadminded and conventional Christians can spent most of their time keeping away from each other. In a book, ‘Meaning of Jesus’ the authors Marcus Borg and Tom Wright has discussed a lot of issues like resurrection. Even though Borg and Wright take different diverse methods but they has discussed each other point of view in a reasonable manner, and they both directly faced points of their discrepancy.
Authors' Conceptions of Human Nature. Philosophers, politicians, and writers throughout the western world. across all of our written history have discovered the importance of knowing human nature. Human nature is responsible for our definitions of abstract concepts that are surprisingly universal across the western world, like justice, equity, and law. Human nature must also be carefully studied in an effort to understand, obtain, or maintain power within society.
Gnostic writings of Jesus portray him as a heavenly redeemer made less of flesh than of spirit. The emphasis of Jesus' importance is not on his physical humanness but rather, on his ability to show people the way to the kingdom. Jesus put on flesh in order to give people gnosis and reveal to them where they come from and where they will eventually return. When it is time for Jesus to return to his heavenly home, he is crucified and resurrected before he finally ascends. His body's lack of importance in some Gnostic texts gives this series of events a different connotation than other versions of the story more common today. The Gnostic understanding of Jesus gives us better knowledge of what will happen to us when we leave the body and world in which we are currently trapped. This understanding also gives us insights into the realm in which we belong. The lack of concern for the body is also connected with the Gnostic view that anything that happens on this earth or in this realm is irrelevant. I will argue that the issue of flesh is very significant in some Gnostic views of Jesus, citing examples from selected Gnostic texts including, the Gospel of Thomas, the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, Hypostasis of the Archons, the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Truth, the Treatise on the Resurrection and the Hymn of the Pearl. Most Gnostic books show Christ to be of heavenly origin. The books either explicitly say that he is from the father and heaven above or imply it by saying that he descended into earth. He is part of the "…heavenly triad with the Father and the Mother…"(Franzmann, 39). In the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, the author who is supposedly Christ says, "I am from above the ...
His body, soul, mind, and spirit were of human origin. Chapter five expresses the truth that Jesus died and resurrected. Jesus was mortal and humble and, with His human nature, he suffered on the cross. Christians believe Jesus rose again on the third day. Chapter six expresses that after His resurrection, He ascended into heaven. Scripture says that Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to earth to be with those who follow Christ. Saint Augustine explained in chapter seven that Jesus, following His ascension, sits at the right hand of God the Father. This does not suggest that God is in human form and literally has a right and left hand. To sit at the right hand means to have power. Jesus had power after his ascension into heaven. One example of this power is that Jesus will be the Judge in the final days. Chapter eight expresses Christ’s coming to judgment. Jesus Christ will come and judge the quick and the dead. The quick are those who are still living when the second coming occurs, and the dead are those who passed previous to the second coming of Christ. The eternal Son of God will be the ultimate Judge of all people. The next truth in which Saint Augustine describes, in chapter nine, is the Holy Spirit and the mystery of the
"EXPLORING THEOLOGY 1 & 2." EXPLORING THEOLOGY 1 2. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.
Afterlife myths explain what becomes of the soul after the body dies, as humans have a problem accepting the possibility that the soul becomes nothing.
Many Christians believe that when a person dies, they enter into complete oblivion - a state of non-existence. They remain in dormancy. At the time of the second coming of Jesus, the dead are resurrected and judged. Those who had been saved while on earth will be given special bodies and go to Heaven unlike the unsaved who will go to Hell for eternal punishment (Robinson).
If you fall and bump your knee you are physically hurt but your personality or soul is probably ok. Or if someone says something mean to you, your feelings will be hurt but your body is ok. This is a small example of when Jesus died on the cross. The human part of Jesus died but the God part was ok. When we die our bodies are buried in the ground but our souls go on to heaven with God. When Jesus died his body was buried in the tomb but his soul went to hades so that he could preach to those who had already died and tell them that he died to save their sins.
The story of Bartleby was a very interesting story open for many different interpretations. Melville does and excellent job building suspension towards different thoughts as to what caused Bartleby to become an emotionless incapable worker. Here is evidence throughout the story to reflect the kindheartedness of the narrator. After reading this work the last quote “Ah Bartleby, Ah humanity” stood out as a cry of sadness for failing to understand and further assist Bartleby. After the numerous attempts He describes himself an elder lawyer that has his own office with a total of four employees including Bartleby. The narrator takes the time to learn the qualities of each individual not just on a performance basis however, personally as well.
"Sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death." (James 1:15), or as Paul puts it in Romans 6:23 " the wages of sin is death". Christ never sinned, and therefore did not earn the wages of sin. Therefore God raised him from the dead "having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be holden of it." (Acts 2:24). The full story of Christ's death and resurrection can be found in Matthew 27 & 28, Mark 15 & 16, Luke 23 & 24, and John 18 - 21.
This paper briefly outlines William of Ockham’s life and taking a historical approach, special focus will be on his involvement in the controversy in the Franciscan Order. This will involve the background and circumstances at the time he thrived, the gist of the matter at hand, how he handles the issue, Outcome and consequences. General Observations will be outlined leading to the conclusion.
Westphal, M. (2009). Whose Community? Which Interpretation?: Philosophical Hermeneutics for the Church. Baker Academic. 107
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value of human beings, both on the individual level and on the collective level. Humanist prefers critical thinking and logic over established doctrines of faith. However, humanism can take many forms and people will mold their worldviews around them to enhance their morals, knowledge, and life. As I have begun to form my worldview and decide what I value in life, and what principles those values follow, I am stumped. I am not sure if I truly know how to articulate what my worldviews are as I am still young and learning new philosophies and meanings for life in this diverse world we humans call home.