There is no consensus regarding the mechanism of manifestation of neurocognitive consequences associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their definite underlying process is unknown. However, there are some findings and theories about it. In OSA, there are different levels of hypoxia which are associated with many factors such as obesity and etc.1 The hippocampus has a region (CA1) which is more vulnerable and sensitive to the hypoxia that leads to inflammatory response (COX-2, TNF-a),2 which can bring about endothelial dysfunctions,3 disturbances of cerebrovascular blood flow,3 and consequently neuronal cells death.3 In addition, it provokes oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).2 Another finding is related to NDPH (subtype …show more content…
For example, OSA and hypoxia induce and increase chemoreceptor mediated reflex, and consequently, increase in vagal activity, which leads to bradycardia.5 However, there are versatile mechanisms contributed to the heart failure and arrhythmias associated with OSA, there is no consistent opinion regarding this matter. It
It increases during physical exercise to deliver extra oxygen to the tissues and to take away excess carbon dioxide. As mentioned at rest, the heart beats around 75 beats per minute but during exercise this could exceed to 200 times per minute. The SAN controls the heart rate. The rate increases or decreases when it receives information by two autonomic nerves that link the SAN and the cardiovascular centre in the medulla of the brain. The sympathetic or accelerator nerve speeds up the heart. The synapses at the end of this nerve secretes noradrenaline. A parasympathetic or decelerator nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve slows down the heart and the synapses at the end of this nerve secretes
This also caused an increase in demand of oxygen to the cardiac muscle so it’s not a good thing (Ignatavicius &Workman, 2013, p. 747).
If you suffer with sleep apnea and are overweight, you are not alone. You’ve probably been told by one or more of your doctors that you’d be healthier if you lost weight. But, have any of them ever told you about a diet for sleep apnea patients, or better yet, about the 6 best diets for sleep apnea? No? Well, I will.
Sleep deprivation is a commonplace occurrence in modern culture. Every day there seems to be twice as much work and half as much time to complete it in. This results in either extended periods of wakefulness or a decrease in sleep over an extended period of time. While some people may like to believe that they can train their bodies to not require as much sleep as they once did this belief is false (1). Sleep is needed to regenerate certain parts of the body, especially the brain, so that it may continue to function optimally. After periods of extended wakefulness or reduced sleep neurons may begin to malfunction, visibly effecting a person's behavior. Some organs, such as muscles, are able to regenerate even when a person is not sleeping so long as they are resting. This could involve lying awake but relaxed within a quite environment. Even though cognitive functions might not seem necessary in this scenario the brain, especially the cerebral cortex, is not able to rest but rather remains semi-alert in a state of "quiet readiness" (2). Certain stages of sleep are needed for the regeneration of neurons within the cerebral cortex while other stages of sleep seem to be used for forming new memories and generating new synaptic connections. The effects of sleep deprivation on behavior have been tested with relation to the presence of activity in different sections of the cerebral cortex.
Individuals with AN keep their body in a state of starvation. Their body must function without the sustenance that it needs to continue functioning. Bradycardia is the most common heart arrhythmia for individuals with this disorder. As a result of the caloric deficit, the body tries to decrease cardiac work by reducing cardiac output. (Casiero & Frishman, 2006). The baroreceptor reflex is the body’s mechanism to regulate blood pressure through use of baroreceptors, which then transmits information to the brainstem. The vagal nerve receives this information, then sends impulses to the sinus node to slow the beat of the heart. (Kollai et al, 1994) A study published in the Oxford Heart Journal measured cardiac va...
Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which breathing stops and starts repeatedly. Experts have estimated that 18 million Americans are affected by sleep apnea. There are three main types of sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common form that occurs when throat muscles relax. Central sleep apnea occurs when your brain does not send proper signals to the muscles controlling breathing and Complex sleep apnea syndrome, a combination of both obstructive and central sleep. Symptoms of sleep apnea include loud snoring, breathing cessation, abrupt awakenings accompanied by shortness of breath, dry mouth, morning headaches, insomnia, daytime sleepiness,
My paper is based on an article from the text’s web site (chapter 9) entitled “Lack of sleep ages body’s systems.” The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivation.
Students who sleep more per night reported to have higher GPAs, on average, than those who reported fewer hours of sleep per night. the slight dip for those who sleep greater or equal to 6 and 7 hours, this data overall follows the trend. In addition, longer sleepers (> 9 hrs/night) reported to have a significantly higher GPA than those with less than 5 hrs of sleep. As you can see, the amount of hours slept per night really influences ones GPA.
Sleep deprivation is the root of many health problems. In other words, sleep is viewed as a vital process to enable body reparation to be carried out spontaneously after a day of many exhausting events. This accounts of many consequences due to insufficient sleep. For instance, sympathetic nervous system will be stimulated due to prolonged wakefulness, results in vasoconstriction and increase in heart pumping force, consequently ...
Kales, A. (1972). The evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders : Pharmacological and psychological studies. In M. Chase (ed.)The Sleeping Brain. Los Angeles : Brain Information Service.
Sleep disorders are an underestimated public health concern considering that fifty to seventy million Americans are affected. Technological advances in the field of sleep have facilitated various theories to explain the need for and the purpose of sleep. Scientist have uncovered many types of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Sleep disorders affect men ,women, children, the elderly, and the obese in different ways. Factors such as the number of children and the effects of menopause have been studied to determine their effects on sleep. Various treatments have been utilized ranging from non-pharmacologic to pharmacologic methods. Scientist have pinpointed areas of the brain that are involved in sleep deprivation and hormones that ultimately affect sleep.
Sleep Apnea (cessation of air flow at the mouth for greater than 10 seconds) can
Sleep is very important to our body for relaxation, preparing ourselves for the next day. Unfortunately, poor sleeping quality is prevalent in modern cities such as Hong Kong. An increasing number of university students have stated sleep problems. (Suen, Hon & Tam, 2008). Meerlo, Mistlberger, Jacobs, Heller & McGinty (2009) have reported that prolonged sleep loss may affect the rate of neurogenesis...
Feature, Michael. "Chronic Sleep Deprivation and Health Effects." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. .
Wells, M., & Vaughn, B. V. (2012). Poor Sleep Challenging the Health of a Nation. Neurodiagnostic Journal,52(3), 233-249.