Obesity and Lifestyle Intervention: The Impact on Type 2 Diabetes

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Recommended: Strengths and weaknesses of using the behaviour change approach

Several studies have documented that lifestyle intervention is the capable one to reduce body weight in obese people. Diabetes Prevention Program4 did a comparison of weight loss percentage by giving lifestyle intervention, placebo, and metformin to obese people. The result stated that after four years, lifestyle intervention which is the combination of dietary modification, physical activity, and behavior therapy gives more significant weight loss by 58% compared to placebo and 39% compared to metformin.
In Look AHEAD study,10 it examined the effect of intensive lifestyle modification on obese, type 2 diabetic people. After a year, those who were given intensive lifestyle modification lost weight up to 8.6% from initial body weight. It is observed11 that a weight loss up to 7% of body weight can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by more than 55%.
Physical activity also takes an important weight loss contribution in obese, diabetic people. Continuous low-intensity exercise training can improve fat oxidation by 44% while moderate-to-high intensity exercise training is more beneficial to increase insulin sensitivity.12 In a cohort study, daily physical activity, like walking, can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. Finnish Diabetes Prevention found that walking for 2.5 hours per week can lower the incident of diabetes by 63-69%.13
Weight loss is the result of dietary modification and physical activity if they produce energy deficit. After having weight loss, it’s crucial to maintain the reduced weight so that weight regain doesn’t happen. Behavior therapy takes an important role in weight control. It prevents weight regain by creating goal setting, self-monitoring, and stimulus control.9 National Heart, Lung, and Blood I...

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...i/full/10.1056/NEJMoa031049.
19. Lovejoy J, DiGirolamo M. Habitual Dietary Intake and Insulin Sensitivity in Lean and Obese Adults. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 1992 Jun [cited 2014 Feb 7]; 55(6): 1174-9. Available from: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/55/6/1174.full.pdf.
20. Shaibi GQ, Roberts CK, Goran MI. Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth. Exerc Sport Sci Rev [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2014 Feb 7]; 36(1): 5-11. Available from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/568391.
21. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, et al. Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010 Dec; 33(12): e147-e167. doi: 10.2337/dc10-9990.
22. Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, et al. Long-Term Persistence of Hormonal Adaptations to Weight Loss. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2011 Oct 27 [cited 2014 Feb 5]; 365: 1597-1604. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1105816

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