Nursing Assessment Of Blood Donation Practices
explanatory Essay
4912 words
A Community Assessment of Erie County Volunteer Firefighters and Blood Donation
Department of Nursing
Table of Contents
I. Background Information on Affiliating Agency……………….
II. Definition of Community ………………………………………………..
III. Approaches Used to Assess Community ………………………………..
IV. Description of Survey ………………………………..
V. Assessment of Community …………………………………………….
A. People …………………………………………………………………
1. Age and Gender Distribution ………………………………………
2. Ethnicity …………………………………………………………
3. Educational Levels …………………………………………………
4. Language …………………………………………………………
5. Religion …………………………………………………………….
6. Income ……………………………………………………………
7. Occupations ……………………………………………………..
8. Housing ……………………………………………………………
B. Community Structures
1. Government or Management ……………………………………..
2. Educational Agencies …………………………………………....
3. Agents of Social Control ………………………………………..
4. Informal Power Structures ………………………………………..
5. Production, Consumption & Distribution
of Goods and Services …………………………………….
6. Family Structures ………………………………………………
C. Other Aspects ………………………………………………………
1. Geography ………………………………………………………
2. Transportation …………………………………………………...
3. Recreation ………………………………………………………
4. Communication ………………………………………………..
D. Health Risk Factors ………………………………………………..
E. Resources for Dealing with Risk Factors …………………………
1. Social Changes Needed to Combat Risk Factors………….
F. Stressors …………………………………………………………
G. Analysis of Data …………………………………………………..
VI. Summary …………………………………………………………
VII. Conclusions …………………………………………………………
VIII. Recommendations …………………………………………………..
IX. References ……………………………………………………………
X. Appendices
A. American Red Cross Web Site Home Page
B. Neumans Community Assessment Model
C. Community Blood Donation Survey
D. Survey Results
A Community Assessment of Erie County Voluntary Firefighters and Blood Donation
The need for blood grows every day. Blood donation centers continuously request the general population to donate. Specific populations are expected to participate in community activities more, due to the nature of their work. One such group are the volunteer firefighters of Erie County, New York. These are the men and women who rescue victims of accidents and disasters daily. The purpose of this assessment, done in conjunction with the American Red Cross, is to determine whether and why volunteer firefighters participate in blood donation.
The scope of this assessment will include a description of the Erie County volunteer firefighter population, the community structures of the Erie County, and other various aspects of the community as well. It will include health risks and stressors relative to firefighting. The identification of volunteer firefighter needs and recommendations to remedy these needs along with conclusions drawn from the research will be provided. An analysis of the data collected will be provided.
Background Information on Affiliating Agency
The affiliating agency used for this assessment was the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross began in 1881 as an offshoot of the European Red Cross by Clara Barton in Dansville, NY. Its purpose is to “provide emergency aid during civil disasters such as floods and earthquakes, offer humanitarian services for armed forces personnel and their families, and operate centers for the collecting and processing blood and blood products.” (Davis, 1993, p. 79) The name of the local chapter in Erie County is the Greater Buffalo Chapter (see Appendix A).
Definition of Community
Community, according to Anderson and McFarlane (2000), is described as a “complex webs of people shaped by relationships, interdependence, mutual interests, and patterns of interaction” (p. 93). Further, Anderson and McFarlane note “The community encompasses people in a particular time and place” (p.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the american red cross began in 1881 as an offshoot of the european red cross by clara barton in dansville, ny. the local chapter in erie county is the greater buffalo chapter.
- Explains that the systems approach involves the interrelatedness of aspects of the firefighting community. the framework used was neuman’s community assessment wheel, taken from her community as partner model.
- Explains that according to the 2000 census, there is a total land are of 1,044 square miles in erie county.
- Concludes that the american red cross has a large and untapped pool of individuals willing to donate blood.
- Asks whether they would donate blood if their firehall sponsored a blood drive.
- Explains the american cancer society's western regional office in buffalo, ny, and the lupus foundation of wny.
- Describes the facilities of buffalo general hospital, including a family planning center, and an amherst extension clinic.
- Describes the buffalo columbus hospital, upper west side primary medical center, and children's hospital.
- Explains buffalo gyn women's services, inc., 2500 main streetbuffalo, ny 14222 buffalo hearing & speechseton medical office bldg.
- Explains that better health plan, inc. is located at 438 main streetbuffalo, ny 14202 community blue.
- Describes the hospitals in buffalo, including the bertrand chaffee hospital, the sheehan memorial hospital and the mercy hospital of buffalo.
- Describes the purpose of the assessment, done in conjunction with the american red cross, to determine whether and why volunteer firefighters participate in blood donation.
- Explains that anderson and mcfarlane define community as a complex web of people shaped by relationships, interdependence, mutual interests, and patterns of interaction.
- Explains that a five-question survey was developed to ascertain the views of volunteer firefighters regarding the subject of blood donation.
- States that the u.s. census of population and housing (2000) reported that erie county has a primarily caucasian population of 82.2%.
- States that the survey respondents were not polled as to their educational background, and concluded that they could be of any religious denomination.
- Explains that erie county was established in 1821 and retains its original borders, including the tonawanda indian reservation and cattaraugus county.
- Explains that 90 surveys were distributed to volunteer firefighters from snyder and main-transit fire departments. the majority of respondents were 18-40 years old.
- Explains that a majority of volunteer firefighters were aware of community sponsored blood drives, but 35% were not aware. lack of time was the major reason for not donating blood.
- Explains the purpose of the project, which was to determine whether or why volunteer firefighters participate community in blood donation drives sponsored by the american red cross.
- Explains league of women voters' erie county: a citizen's handbook of government. slater, c.m., and hall, g.e.
- Explains that they are registered nurse students from daemen college in amherst conducting an assessment of the thoughts of volunteer firemen regarding blood donation.
- Asks whether it was their first blood donation because of the current crisis in new york city and washington, d.c.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains how the american red cross biomedical service collects and processes more than 40 percent of the blood supply and distributes it to hospitals and transfusion centers nationwide.
- Analyzes how the american red cross uses logos in their ad to appeal to the audience's common sense, beliefs, and values.
- Analyzes how the american red cross adapts to different markets using logos, ethos, and pathos. they emphasize the importance of the donation of one pint of blood.
- Explains that cross, a. r. (director), (2011). give the gift of life.
- Cites the american red cross's holiday ads with new approach: http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem.
- Analyzes how the american red cross uses ethos in their ads to appeal to their viewers and volunteers.
1095 wordsRead More - Domen, R. E. (1995). Paid-versus-volunteer blood donation in the United States : a historical review. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 9(1), 53-59.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the paper will talk about the medicalization of blood into a drug, and how society has shaped the association with blood and disease.
- Explains that blood was considered one of the four humors in greek, roman, and medieval times. the concept of blood ties was not prevalent in medieval culture.
- Explains that the concept of blood contained and spread an animal’s temperament remained through the enlightenment.
- Explains that james blundell advocated blood transfusion after childbirth, which was a medical taboo due to the previous deaths from animal blood to human experiments.
- Explains that blundell's work caught the attention of the london doctors, but blood transfusion never took off. without perfect technique, blood tended to clot within medical devices and bodies.
- Explains how dr. little's saline infusions changed the way society viewed blood, since it could be stored easily and didn't clot. in 1900, landsteiner discovered blood types, which decreased the risks for transfusion-related deaths.
- Describes how captain oswald robertson, a us physician volunteer, traveled to the front lines and transfused his stored blood into dying soldiers. the storage of blood and the absence of the donor in person depersonalized the transfusion.
- Explains how the robertsonian model of blood began in the united states after world war ii.
- Explains that the fda mandated an all-voluntary blood donor system in 1975 because of society's strong opinions and emotions against the economization of blood.
- Explains that even with the mandate for an all-volunteer based blood donation system, the donation and transportation of blood has remained a multi-billion dollar business in the us.
- Analyzes how new york city's blood banks are unable to compete with the florida blood bank on any hospital contracts.
- Explains that the average cost of a pint of blood is only an approximation, because many blood banks are secretive about the price they charge hospitals for units. donors are the driving force behind the continued survival of the all-voluntary blood donation system.
- Explains bednall's systemic review and meta-analysis of antecedents of blood donation behavior and intentions.
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831 wordsRead More - The Human Blood Transfusionexplanatory essayThe Mayo Clinic defines a blood transfusion as “a routine medical procedure in which donated blood is provided to you through a narrow tube placed within a vein in your arm”. The first human blood transfusion on record was conducted by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys, a French physician during the late 1600’s. Although Denys’ transfusions weren’t sound proof and often written off as unorthodox, he unknowingly ushered in a new era of medicine and laid the foundation for modern advances in Hematology. I choose this topic because I volunteer to donate blood four times a year alongside thousands of other people. On average these donations help save 4.5 million Americans that would die in a years’ time without a blood transfusion. These generous people
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that the american red cross provides compassionate care in five service lines: disaster relief, blood services, health and safety education and training, services to the armed forces, and international services.
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- Opines that there is a great potential for the nursing department to collaborate with the alamosa school district and other districts to provide effective health promotion to the students.
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In this essay, the author
- Opines that valentine's day will never be the same after discovering a tumor in their cheek. their renewed outlook manifests in leadership with the american red cross where they serve as chairman of the national advisory council on youth involvement.
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- Opines that they aspire to return to the field of medicine, as they document and address the health and developmental barriers encountered by marginalized communities through the red cross and physicians for human rights.
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996 wordsRead More - Protecting Firefighters Lives and Safetyexplanatory essayEvery year communities struggle each year around the nation with issues of life safety. In 2012, the nation’s fire departments responded to 31,854,000 responses that resulted in the deaths 0f 2,855 civilians and injuring 16,500 causing an estimated $12,427 million dollars in damage. (United States Fire Administration, 2014) These incidents put at risk 345,950 career and 783,300 volunteer firefighters that resulted in the deaths of 81 individuals (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2013) and nearly 70,000 reported injuries. ( Karter & Molis, 2013) These numbers represent incidents that are determined to be in the line of duty but do not take into consideration the long-term health risk issues that may develop. Evidence shows that he hazards associated with Fire and Emergency Services are consistent across the board whether paid or volunteer and jeopardize the lives and health of each individual, placing administrative and physical control measures reduces this risk to firefighter within an organization. While it is impossible to eliminate the hazards firefighters face, it is important to identify these hazards as the first step in reducing the potential for loss of life and wellbeing both physically and mentally.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the nation's fire departments responded to 31,854,000 responses that resulted in the deaths of 2,855 civilians and injuring 16,500 causing an estimated $12,427 million dollars in damage.
- Explains that the united states fire administration is responsible for the establishment criteria for a line of duty death determination (lodd).
- Explains that firefighting is a mentally and physically demanding profession that places employees in stressful situations. a 14-year study in california found that more than 50% of firefighters over the age of 35 did not meet fitness requirements to perform the job effectively.
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- Explains that for every sudden cardiac death event, there are nearly 17 non-fatal cardiovascular emergencies occur in the line of duty.
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- Explains the nfpa 1853 standard on health-related fitness programs for fire department members, which outlines five components needed for an effective fitness program.
- Opines that the profession needs to embrace the concept of health and wellness but many departments are hindered by budget, logistical and union constraints that limit the ability to institute a beneficial program.
- Opines that cancer could be the leader when it comes to firefighter’s deaths and injuries but a link to determine it may be difficult to prove.
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- Explains that unknown exposures to carcinogens are typically untreated and only identified years later after the firefighter has left the service and fallen back into the general population statistics.
- Explains that firefighters are at a 1.5-2.5% greater risk for various cancers than civilian counterparts. the national institute of occupational safety and health study found that 10% of firefighters died from various forms of cancer.
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- Cites firefighter cancer support network's taking action against cancer in the fire service.
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- Explains the international association of fire fighters executive board's line of duty death notification, assistance and investigation policy.
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- Cites smith, l., barr, d. a. and kales, s. n. (2013, february 1).
- Cites spratlin, k, weiner, b, & linnan, l. firefighter fitness, coronary heart disease, and sudden cardiac death.
- Cites the u.s. fire administration (usfa). criteria used to make on-duty firefighter fatality determinations.
- Cites the united states fire administration's national fire protection association estimates.
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1939 wordsRead More - Essay On Rational Communityanalytical essayIn his book The Community of Those Who Have Nothing in Common, Alphonso Lingis (1994) discusses community and proposes an untraditional view of community, the “other community”. Traditionally community is known as a social structure in which individuals have something in common. This usually refers to a shared location, shared identity or common values or beliefs. In this traditional view or “rational community” these commonalities are crucial in uniting individuals.
In this essay, the author
- Explains alphonso lingis' book, the community of those who have nothing in common, discusses community and proposes an untraditional view of community, the "other community".
- Explains that the "other community" comes into being when individuals' lives connect or bump up against one another without necessarily having anything in common.
- Analyzes how lingis' "other community" comes into being when the stranger or intruder disrupts or intentions and makes us question our own cultural coding.
- States that lingis (1994) states "the face of another is a surface upon which one senses directions and directives that order me; when another faces one, and imperative surfaces."
- Explains that value-terms are used to put an emphasis or force behind the value we place on something, such as a fetish. lingis (1994) suggests that it is on the faces of others that we discover their values.
- Opines that lingis believes that courage is the first of all virtues because it's the virtue that gives way or brings about all others. courage is about taking risks.
- Analyzes how lingis discusses the importance of having courage and the relevance of being there for someone during their final moments.
- Analyzes how lingis's "community in death" is composed of a dying one and an accompanying one that is not dying.
- Explains that there is an obligation in lingis's "other community" to accompany the dying one. this consciousness of death guarantees my own life as well as death.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that community is a group of people who respect, love, and care for one another. it provides insight on one's social outlook in life and what will never be known beyond death.
- Explains that the human body works as a community, with each individual atom making cells that flow through one’s veins to make the system work.
- Explains that there is no set description for which the individual must follow, or whatever qualities they must posses; the one factor they do need is to have existed.
- Opines that thoreau made his own community while being secluded. others require more attention and care to feel like they exist, and that is all right.
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- Explains that human beings are social creatures and there cannot be a set definition of what an individual is, only examples and the past give what can be as close to an example as possible.
- Opines that they prefer to be with others who will not try and relate to them but just accept them. belonging is a key role in socially active communities.
- Opines that the trick with being an individual is to just let whatever happens happen, and not try to change it. the individual will keep their mark forever imprinted onto the community.
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In this essay, the author
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- Compares kaysen's experience of community building with that of yu-i, who is reared into her community.
- Explains that time encourages changes in outside societies, which eventually pressures the community to alter its values accordingly. chih-mo was one of the first to start a wave of westernized behavior.
- Analyzes how kaysen's group had no chance of growing because the goal that they oriented themselves with would lead to the extermination of their community.
- Analyzes how the pink wedding dress symbolizes a fusion of the western and traditional chinese communities.
- Analyzes how kaysen shows that it is impossible to change identity by revealing daisy's past and attempt at escaping her old mentally ill community.
- Explains that the crux of bound feet & western dress is to maintain community and preserve the values and practices that go along with it.
- Analyzes how pang-mei natasha chang's bound feet & western dress expresses the importance of tradition and culture in community identification.
- Analyzes how kaysen applies her knowledge from mclean hospital to reflect on her life, while susanna becomes more open, and dissects the small things in life in search of meaning.
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