Nosocomial Infections In Hospital

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Nosocomial infections
Nosocomial infections are those that originate or occur in a hospital or hospital-like situation. The development of such infections is favored by a hospital environment, such as one picked up by a patient during a hospital visit or one developing among hospital staff. Such infections include fungal and bacterial infections. They are mostly provoked by the reduced resistance of individual patients. A nosocomial infection, is also known as a HAI (Hospital-Acquired Infection).
Factors leading to nosocomial infections
Factors that lead to the efficient transmission of nosocomial infections include:
1. High frequency of pathogens
2. High prevalence of compromised hosts
3. Proficient mechanisms of transmission from patient to patient
These three factors lead not just to a higher likelihood of transmission of pathogens within hospitals, but also to the evolution of potentially virulent strain of microorganisms commonly found in hospitals.
Nosocomial infections are blamable for about 20,000 deaths in the U.S. per year. Approximately 10% of American hospital patients (about 2 million every year) acquire a clinically noteworthy nosocomial infection.
Transmission of nosocomial infections
Nosocomial infections are commonly transmitted when hospital officials become self-righteous and personnel do not practice appropriate hygiene regularly. Also, increased use of outpatient treatment in recent decades means that a greater percentage of people who are hospitalized today are likely to be seriously ill with more weakened immune systems than in the past. Moreover, some medical procedures bypass the body's natural protective barriers. Since medical staff move from patient to patient, the staff themselves serve as a means f...

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...ics used to treat MRSA infections. Treatment of MRSA infection with vancomycin can be complex, due to its inconvenient route of administration. Moreover, many clinicians believe that the effectiveness of vancomycin against MRSA is quite low as compared to the anti-staphylococcal beta-lactam antibiotics against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).
Several recently discovered strains of MRSA show antibiotic resistance even to vancomycin and teicoplanin. These new evolutions of the MRSA bacterium have been designated as Vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, and tigecycline are used to treat more severe infections that do not react to glycopeptides such as vancomycin. Current guidelines commend daptomycin for VISA bloodstream infections and endocarditis.
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