Nortel Case Study
argumentative Essay
1447 words
Nortel: Arrogance Leading to Demise and Downfall
Nortel Networks Corporation, also known as Nortel, was an international telecommunications company in Ontario, Canada. It was founded in Montreal, Quebec in 1895. During the height of its success, Nortel made up more than one third of the total worth of all similar companies in Toronto and they employed 94,500 team members worldwide. (Gillies, 2009). On January 14, 2009, Nortel filed for protection from all its debts and creditors in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada in attempts to remedy its debt and financial obligations (Gillies, 2009). Late in 2009, the Nortel disclosed that it would end all business transactions and sell off all of its parts. The period of bankruptcy protection
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It has been concluded that Nortel’s growing dominance in its markets in the 1990s “led to a culture of arrogance and even hubris combined with lax financial discipline. Nortel’s rigid culture played a defining role in the company’s inability to react to industry changes.” (McFarland, 2014). While Nortel was increasing its revenue between 1997 and 2000 through a spree of acquiring other partners and tripling its share price in the same period, the company lost focus on profitability and was in a very tough position (McFarland, 2014). Nortel misread the market and was not prepared to respond to increased competition from Japan and other competitors. The accelerating rate of technological change and the power shift to customers was just too much for them. The bad taste they left in key customer’s mouths made them feel that Nortel would not be around for the long term to fulfill their promises. Their lack of resilience, strategy, structure, poor financial management, business processes, people and culture decreased the company’s ability to adapt to keep up with competitive advantage. (Nisen, 2014). Nortel, made textbook errors like failing to communicate, meet commitments, and possess a firm technology knowledge (Nisen,
In this essay, the author
- Explains that nortel networks corporation was an international telecommunications company in ontario, canada, founded in 1895.
- Analyzes how nortel fell into the same trap of greed and self-interest. the company's board of directors was detached from the company and lacked knowledge of how it could be taken by manipulation.
- Recommends that companies configure procedures and methods for shareholders to be in direct contact with the company's board and respond to any issues that these investors may have.
- Explains that nortel networks corporation was an international telecommunications company in ontario, canada, founded in 1895.
- Analyzes how nortel fell into the same trap of greed and self-interest. the company's board of directors was detached from the company and lacked knowledge of how it could be taken by manipulation.
- Recommends that companies configure procedures and methods for shareholders to be in direct contact with the company's board and respond to any issues that these investors may have.
- Concludes that nortel's growing dominance in its markets in the 1990s led to a culture of arrogance and hubris combined with lax financial discipline.
- Analyzes how john roth's ambition to become the best had pushed him from sticking to the ethical basics. he dismissed any advice from his team, the media, and peers from wall street.
- Opines that regulating and auditing financial accounting should be a top priority in order to avoid ending up nortel.
- Cites nesin, m., and thain, d. (2004). reflections of a veteran director: the unsatisfactory performance of nortel’s distinguished board
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- Explains that ericsson leads the market in bringing in new technologies like lte which provide enormous speed and better performance.
- Explains that broadband gives the advantage of transport ant transmission through optical means and gives high speed networks. more research is being carried out to test the functionalities of new topologies, network architectures and fiber optic links.
- Opines that ericsson aims at providing an excellent communication network with increased functionality.
- Explains that ericsson leads the market in bringing in new technologies like lte which provide enormous speed and better performance.
- Explains that broadband gives the advantage of transport ant transmission through optical means and gives high speed networks. more research is being carried out to test the functionalities of new topologies, network architectures and fiber optic links.
- Opines that ericsson aims at providing an excellent communication network with increased functionality.
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- Explains that this research is used for ip networks to improve technologies and architecture in the network. packets are being used to send data in all domains.
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- Explains that ericsson aims at developing a full proof system so that no one is able to bug it or hack it. encryption techniques and other coding techniques are used for security.
- Explains that modern infrastructure and communication technologies can be used to fight against global climatic change. ericsson maintains a check of its own processes so as to not harm the environment in any way.
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605 wordsRead More - IBM Case Studyopinion essaybringing technology to people when and where it is needed requires that IBM be efficient at managing the diversity of its workforce (DuBrin, 2010).
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- Explains that ibm is efficient at managing the diversity of its workforce. in 2007, over 50 countries in the ibm family grew more than 10%.
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- Explains that ibm is the second most recognized global brand behind coca-cola and in front of microsoft. under stanley litow's leadership, ibm has developed innovative voice recognition technology to teach children and adults to read, a humanitarian virtual supercomputer to speed research on cancer and aids.
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- Explains how ibm's globalization strategy includes lowering corporate governance issues and localizing its businesses in 170 countries.
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- States that the european union found intel corp. guilty of abuse of its dominant position in the market for cpus.
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- Explains that lenovo was given rebates from november 2002 to may 2005 on condition that this manufacturer would purchase not less than 95% of intel cpus.
- States that the european union found intel corp. guilty of abuse of its dominant position in the market for cpus.
- Explains that dell was given rebates from december 2002 to december 2005 conditional on this manufacturer purchasing exclusively intel cpus.
- Explains that lenovo was given rebates from november 2002 to may 2005 on condition that this manufacturer would purchase not less than 95% of intel cpus.
- Explains that hp was given rebates from october 2002 to november 2005 on condition that this manufacturer would purchase not less than 80% of intel cpus.
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- Explains that rebates are recognized globally as anti-competitive and illegal as they deny consumers a choice.
- Explains intel made direct payments to hp on condition that this manufacturer would sell computers with intel cpus only to small and medium enterprises, sell them via direct distribution channels, and postpone the launch of computers that do not contain intel.
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- Explains intel made direct payments to lenovo on condition that this manufacturer would postpone the launch of notebooks that do not contain intel cpus from september 2006 to the end of 2006.
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871 wordsRead More - Cooperation vs. Controlanalytical essayPhilips faced numerous contenders in the consumer electronics market throughout its history and lost its lead in mid ‘80s. One of the strongest contenders of its time was Matsushita. Today, Matsushita faces a formidable contender in its key LCD market. How the story will fan out is remained to be seen. A strong company culture can lead a company to a success. However, as the market conditions change, the company culture must deal with the change. A strong company culture does not change overnight and often takes years to change. It is important for an organization to stay nimble, flexible, and lean. At the same time, the company must foster innovation and creativity. As we witnessed in Matsushita case, an organization can foster innovation through cultural and structural organization changes.
In this essay, the author
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- Analyzes how philips changed its focus from internal structural reform to a market-oriented reform in the second half of 1990.
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- Explains that philips faced numerous contenders in the consumer electronics market throughout its history and lost its lead in mid ‘80s. matsushita faces a formidable contender in its key lcd market.
- Explains philips' success during the post-war era is attributed to the no's autonomy, the culture, and the corporate accommodation.
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2123 wordsRead More - Case Study Of NTT Data Corporationexplanatory essayThis document is the property of NTT Data and is produced in response to your request. No part of this document shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, to parties outside of your organization without prior written permission from NTT Data.
In this essay, the author
- States that this document is the property of ntt data and is produced in response to your request. no part of it shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted to parties outside of your organization without prior written permission.
- Introduces karthikeyan vadivel as a team lead at ntt data global delivery services. he holds master's degree in business administration specialized in finance and systems, with engineering background.
- Explains the current methodology of allocating overhead costs at client level for ntt bpo business and suggests ways of improvement.
- States that this document is the property of ntt data and is produced in response to your request. no part of it shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted to parties outside of your organization without prior written permission.
- Introduces karthikeyan vadivel as a team lead at ntt data global delivery services. he holds master's degree in business administration specialized in finance and systems, with engineering background.
- Explains the current methodology of allocating overhead costs at client level for ntt bpo business and suggests ways of improvement.
- Explains a financial statement that summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred during the fiscal quarter or year.
- Explains that the client p&l analysis is a report that will directly reconcile with the income statement for any given period.
- Explains that bpo businesses need to have overhead charges factored / accounted as appropriate based on their utilization because they operate on single and dual shifts.
- Explains that the revenue for bpo india is arrived by transferring the cost incurred out of the services offered for the contract plus the agreed markup %.
- Explains that the cost for bpo us is the tp cost from india (markup will get accounted separately), which will be at client level.
- Explains that if we have 3 clients a, b, and c with a headcount of 5, 10 and 10 respectively, the available seats in the floor are 25.
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- Explains that clients b and c share the seat with a headcount of 10 each.
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- Explains that clients operating by sharing the seat were charged more because they were supposed to share the cost as well. the gm for client b and c are not reflecting the true picture and this may have an impact in future deals with the client.
- Explains that the total headcount remains the same with 25, whereas the effective / actual utilization of seat occupied is 15 (5 + 10+10)/2). by this approach, the gm for clients b and c are increased by 200 each.
977 wordsRead More - The Successful Merge of Renault Corporation and Nissan Motorsanalytical essayIn 1999, RENAULT, a French midsize automaker company decided to create an alliance with Japan's NISSAN Motors. This operation has transformed the company into a global player, inside the very competitive market of worldwide vehicular distribution. By taking over 36.8% of Nissan's capital, Renault decided to send Carlos Ghosn, as new manager from Nissan, in order for him to install a "Nissan Revival Plan" (NRP). Actually, this plan has been made in order for both corporations to restore profitability, and acquire and increase market shares in Japan. My paper presents and describes the different aspects of this successful merging operation between two cultural opposites way of managing and running business. In other words, it shows the differences and changes that have been brought by Renault Corporation. First, it presents the major leadership role played by Carlos Ghosn in successfully restoring Nissan's health. Secondly, it introduces the Nissan's Japanese way of running an organization, and the main changes made by Renault organization, a western European firm: showing the huge different gap between the two ways of managing businesses.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the successful merger of renault corporation and nissan motors, which has transformed the french midsize automaker into a global player.
- Analyzes how carlos ghosn, a brazilian-born brazilian, has been charged to revive nissan motor corporation.
- Analyzes how carlos ghosn and his team arrived in tokyo, where the company has been falling down in the last twenty-six years, and hasn't realized any profits. renault's policy was to present an electric and dramatic situation to public opinion.
- Explains the successful merger of renault corporation and nissan motors, which has transformed the french midsize automaker into a global player.
- Analyzes how carlos ghosn, a brazilian-born brazilian, has been charged to revive nissan motor corporation.
- Analyzes how carlos ghosn and his team arrived in tokyo, where the company has been falling down in the last twenty-six years, and hasn't realized any profits. renault's policy was to present an electric and dramatic situation to public opinion.
- Explains nissan's lack of leadership, no long-term vision, and need to centralize some aspects of its organization.
- Explains that renault's goal is to respond quickly to the bad situation faced by nissan and revive the ancient glory of the company by elaborating 'cross functional teams'.
- Explains that renault and nissan signed their alliance in 2001. they installed a french manager at the head of the company, carlos ghosn, and changed many aspects of nissan management method.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that the hewlett packard case was a scandal that happened in 2006. the board of directors used legally questionable methods to spy on their directors. private investigators were hired and george keyworth was the one behind it.
- Explains that pretexting is when a person lies to the person they are talking to in order to get their information and scam them. the board of directors at hewlett packard risked privacy, confidentiality, lied and used their power to do something illegal.
- Opines that they risked privacy because people entrusted them to not look into their personal stuff. they should have never snuck and taken away the people’s privacy.
- Explains that the hewlett packard case was a scandal that happened in 2006. the board of directors used legally questionable methods to spy on their directors. private investigators were hired and george keyworth was the one behind it.
- Explains that pretexting is when a person lies to the person they are talking to in order to get their information and scam them. the board of directors at hewlett packard risked privacy, confidentiality, lied and used their power to do something illegal.
- Opines that they risked privacy because people entrusted them to not look into their personal stuff. they should have never snuck and taken away the people’s privacy.
- Opines that the company messed up confidentiality by looking into other people's business. they also lied and used their power to do something illegal.
- Explains that patricia dunn made a decision when the former ceo was going against what the others decided to do. the ceo did not agree or want to change what she believed was right.
- Explains patricia dunn's decision to hire private investigators after finding out there was a leak twice in their company.
- Opines that it was good for the woman's business aspect if she didn't know what they were doing was wrong.
- Opines that the actions taken by them were wrong and immoral in their eyes. they went behind people's back and did private investigations.
- Explains that they started investigations because they found out they had 2 cases of someone being a leak and wanted to find out who it was. they hired private investigators and went forward with the investigations.
- Opines that hacking into people's phones isn't justifiable without permission from the person.
- Opines that the ethical theory they used to me is egoism. they did what they had to do for their company; they did not think about how others would feel about their decisions and actions.
- Opines that mark hurd would have taken better precautions if he were mark dunn.
- Opines that dunn was more so making all of the decisions than consulting with everyone. hearing other people's opinions about things may have helped the situation better.
- Opines that mark hurd should have discussed the next move with a team of lawyers and voted on what to do next. if their employee was one of the suspects in question, they would discuss the allegations immediately.
- Opines that the hewlett-packard case was unethical in many ways. they invaded people's privacy, which is immoral.
- Explains that they used a form of pre-texting to get phone numbers, emails, etc., and the firing of the first ceo. they let her go without giving reasons.
- Opines that dunn and hurd should take full responsibility of what happened and should own up to their mistakes.
- Certifys that they are of this paper and that any assistance received is acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. they cite any sources from which they used data, ideas, or words, either directly or paraphrased.
- Explains that hewlett-packard under investigation in spying scandal.
- Explains the hp scandal: dunn, 4 others charged in calif.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that secondary research sources include in-depth analysis from professional and reliable databases such as abi/inform, business source premier (ebsco). kimpton hotels and restaurants official website and other news articles supply mainstream information about company’s background, vision, missions, training and career development programs for employees in different positions.
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- Explains that the research focuses on kimpton hotels and restaurants' corporate culture, and identifies the company as a good and responsible employer.
- Explains that secondary research sources include in-depth analysis from professional and reliable databases such as abi/inform, business source premier (ebsco). kimpton hotels and restaurants official website and other news articles supply mainstream information about company’s background, vision, missions, training and career development programs for employees in different positions.
- Explains that kimpton is one of the most pet-friendly hotels in america and promotes a glbt friendly policy.
- Explains that the research focuses on kimpton hotels and restaurants' corporate culture, and identifies the company as a good and responsible employer.
- Explains the purpose of the report, which is to provide job seekers with information about kimpton hotels and restaurants to add a good employer to their choice.
- Explains kimpton hotel & restaurant group inc. is the largest chain of boutique hotels in the united states with its headquarters in san francisco.
- Explains kimpton's work environment promotes employees' creativity and enthusiasm to deal with variety situations in hotels and restaurants.
- Explains that kimpton does not offer competitive compensation for long-term employees other than the standard minimum wage — employees who want to improve their salary work under pressure of competing each other for better performance.
- Explains that expansion is a key playing strategy for growing hotels and restaurants chain like kimpton.
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- Explains that kimpton hotels and restaurants are a good employer who manages through empowerment and engagement.
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2539 wordsRead More - Case Study Of Toshibaopinion essayaudit as a consulting service rather than as an assurance provider. The audit department focused
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- Describes the two percent of companies noted for their endeavors in the corporate governance area.
- Explains that there are at present four independent directors, and they are reported to have been truly independent.
- Opines that there was inadequate clarification for bad practices that proceeded for 6 years during the terms of three companies.
- Describes the two percent of companies noted for their endeavors in the corporate governance area.
- Explains that there are at present four independent directors, and they are reported to have been truly independent.
- Opines that there was inadequate clarification for bad practices that proceeded for 6 years during the terms of three companies.
- Explains that audit is a consulting service rather than an assurance provider.
- Explains that audits by the department twice identified instances of irregularities despite a limited focus on assurance.
- Opines that olympus scandals are still lingering, including relatively weak regulation and little risk of liability.
- Opines that japan's corporate governance could be aided by a new corporate governance code.
- Analyzes how japan's corporate governance practices have been questioned and how they might be improved.
- Compares the toshiba case to other recent japanese corporate governance scandals such as the olympus case in 2011. toshiba is a piece of japan's business foundation.
- Explains toshiba's hybrid board committee framework as a "best of both worlds" approach that was more compelling for japanese organizations.
- Explains how toshiba's complex corporate governance structure turned out badly. the japanese press has alluded to "inappropriate bookkeeping" and has abstained from using more forceful dialect.
- Opines that internal audit will struggle to address a company's critical risks if little or no assurance is provided to management and the board.
- Explains that toshiba sued five former executives for compensatory damages on nov. 7. the move should have signaled a change in corporate culture, but instead it raised the question of why the company sued only five of the 14 executives connected to the book-padding scandal.
- Opines that toshiba should not enforce liability for compensatory damages.
- Opines that it's not easy to get the corporate governance balance right.
815 wordsRead More - SUN Microsystems Case Analysisexplanatory essaySUN Microsystems Case Analysis Sun Microsystems had an extremely tough decision to make in regards to its procurement strategy. They had to decide if they were going to take on an “E-sourcing” or “dynamic bidding” auction-type strategy with making purchases from
In this essay, the author
- Explains that sun microsystems had to decide whether to take on an "e-sourcing" or "dynamic bidding" auction-type procurement strategy with their suppliers.
- Explains that sun's cost of goods sold has consistently been around half of their revenue for prior fiscal years, resulting in an approximate gross margin of 50%.
- Explains that the idea of reverse-auctioning appears to be a great strategy for sun. online bidding for business would eliminate headcount, since the internet would do most of the work automatically.
- Explains that sun microsystems had to decide whether to take on an "e-sourcing" or "dynamic bidding" auction-type procurement strategy with their suppliers.
- Explains that sun's cost of goods sold has consistently been around half of their revenue for prior fiscal years, resulting in an approximate gross margin of 50%.
- Explains that the idea of reverse-auctioning appears to be a great strategy for sun. online bidding for business would eliminate headcount, since the internet would do most of the work automatically.
- Explains that a dynamic bidding system has the potential to reduce costs through price flexibility and is fast and conveniently transacted.
- Explains that sun prides itself on strategic supplier relationships, which allows for expanded competition among suppliers.
- Explains that sun management has to decide whether it wants to continue its ethical business through strong supplier relationships, or follow the greed trail of money-hungry corporations. they would involve top management from all of their major suppliers in making such a decision.
- Narrates how they were involved in a similar situation at general motors. they had to order 2 million new, reliable straps immediately at their plant.
- Explains that they did not attend the auction, but they remember looking at the requirements of the contract. one requirement stated the supplier would be responsible for any and all costs associated with future faulty parts.
458 wordsRead More - The Role Of Cultural Change At IBManalytical essayComing to IBM changed Gerstner’s outlook on how important culture factors in to the success of a company. He states “until I came to IBM, I probably would have told you that culture was just one among several important elements in any organization’s makeup and success—along with vision, strategy, marketing, financials, and the like” but later states “I came to see, in my time at IBM, that culture isn’t just one aspect of the game—it is the game” (Gerstner, 2002, pg. 181-2). Cultural change at IBM was going to have to be a long-run initiative.
In this essay, the author
- Concludes with gerstner's summary of lessons he learned at this time with ibm. he states three fundamentals that characterize successful enterprises and executives: be focused, be superb at execution, and be abound with personal leadership
- Explains that ibm was very centralized, modeled the way companies founded in the 1920s were. as times changed, companies moved to decentralizational to promote managerial efficiency and improve employee satisfaction.
- Analyzes gerstner's view on how important culture factors in to the success of a company, stating that cultural change at ibm had to be long-run.
- Concludes with gerstner's summary of lessons he learned at this time with ibm. he states three fundamentals that characterize successful enterprises and executives: be focused, be superb at execution, and be abound with personal leadership
- Explains that ibm was very centralized, modeled the way companies founded in the 1920s were. as times changed, companies moved to decentralizational to promote managerial efficiency and improve employee satisfaction.
- Analyzes gerstner's view on how important culture factors in to the success of a company, stating that cultural change at ibm had to be long-run.
- Explains that ibm's existing culture was focused internally and rigidly based on the beliefs of the founder.
- Explains how gerstner changed ibm's culture by creating a senior leadership group and shifting the focus of the company to the customer.
- Analyzes how gerstner sees the relationship between vision and strategy as a statement of goals, while the latter points out how to turn those goals into reality.
1518 wordsRead More - IBM Case Studyanalytical essayThis was a very good move by IBM. On one hand it could prove very difficult, and possibly too much to handle for one company to handle this much work for one client, but Oglivy and Mather have done a great job. This has created a much stronger, unified, image of IBM worldwide. Also it has made transitions from one campaign to the next much easier.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that ibm advertises itself as a company that provides service and business solutions, but as more companies like hp and dell began to pop up, they were forced to move away from this image.
- Explains that ibm recognized a new are to grow, business process transformation services (bpts). the "help desk" and "the other ibm" campaigns established ibm's customer service and support business without implying it was less focused on providing the best technology in the market.
- Explains that ibm's "innovation that matters" campaign was designed to position ibm as a means for companies to significantly change how they do business when seeking ways to grow.
- Explains that ibm advertises itself as a company that provides service and business solutions, but as more companies like hp and dell began to pop up, they were forced to move away from this image.
- Explains that ibm recognized a new are to grow, business process transformation services (bpts). the "help desk" and "the other ibm" campaigns established ibm's customer service and support business without implying it was less focused on providing the best technology in the market.
- Explains that ibm's "innovation that matters" campaign was designed to position ibm as a means for companies to significantly change how they do business when seeking ways to grow.
- Analyzes how ibm's "e-business" campaign was successful in creating a new image of ibm. people expect business to be done almost seamlessly through the internet.
- Analyzes how the "on demand" campaign showed a variety of companies, such as national geographic, hobbies, sailing, and locations, saying that they were on. the sales force selling on demand across all of ibm's different markets created smoother operations for companies.
- Opines that ibm has done a great job of staying with business needs, and continuing to move along and offer what business want, when they want it.
- Opines that advertising through mass media creates a strong image for ibm. ibm reaches their target audience, of c level officers, by targeting them during their daily lives.
- Explains that ibm has cut off its personal computer lines, and has begun to target business people more and more.
- Analyzes how the king arthur's round table ads were a gamble because they used humor to convey business strategies, which is an area humor is not often used. they were memorable and showed examples of mistakes companies could make if they didn't have ibm business consulting.
- Explains that ibm's products and services provide stronger support of the message being conveyed. companies don't want to be left behind by other companies in their industry.
- Explains that ibm uses its advertisements to create a strong identity of being the best. customers are more interested in benefits than price, so ibm doesn't focus on price.
- Opines that oglivy and mather's work has created a stronger, unified, image of ibm worldwide and made transitions from one campaign to the next much easier.
- Explains that ibm's advertising was handled by a large number of different agencies until 1993, when it began to lose its identity.
1594 wordsRead More - Case Study: Sintalow Hardware LTDexplanatory essaySintalow Hardware PTE LTD is a business that supplies different types of valves, pipes and expansion joints for the construction industries and mechanical pipe systems for more than 30 years. We started our business since 1979 and we established a reliable and consistent quality of products that can reach a satisfying outcome from our valued customer.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that temperature directly affects the pressure – as temperature gets higher the rated values must consider to be reduced.
- Explains that operator flange complies with iso 5211 onto which electric, manual or pneumatic actuators can be promptly mounted.
- Explains sintalow hardware pte ltd is a business that supplies different types of valves, pipes and expansion joints for the construction industries and mechanical pipe systems for more than 30 years.
- Explains that temperature directly affects the pressure – as temperature gets higher the rated values must consider to be reduced.
- Explains that operator flange complies with iso 5211 onto which electric, manual or pneumatic actuators can be promptly mounted.
- Explains sintalow hardware pte ltd is a business that supplies different types of valves, pipes and expansion joints for the construction industries and mechanical pipe systems for more than 30 years.
- Explains that afa flex rubber expansion is specifically engineered to lessen vibration, noise and movement in piping system. it can empower the separated supplies to move candidly, dispensing with a vibration and repulsing sound.
- Explains that the afa valve is engineered to achieve the specific requirements of any application that you need, it can be used in many different ways depending on your technical needs.
1094 wordsRead More