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Ethical concerns of organ trafficking
Organ Trafficking: The Unseen Form of Human Trafficking essay
Human organ trafficking
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Society tends to turn a blind eye towards majorly inhumane activities. One such activity that is overlooked is organ trafficking. The fictional novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro covers the lives of children who were cloned specifically to give their organs for non-clones to live. The article “Not properly human”: literary and cinematic narratives about human harvesting” by Henriette Roos explores the reality of human organ trafficking and how people who want the organs believe the act is normal and acceptable. As inhumane as each circumstance is, the people of the outside world who utilize the organs try to validate the victimization through word choice, daily lifestyle behavior, and stereotypical acceptances.
Examples of dulled realities are found throughout Ishiguro’s book as well as Roos’ article. These normalizations are found in Ishiguro’s book when Miss Lucy explains why the children need to keep healthy (Ishiguro 68) and when a “special” way of verbalization is used to describe their fate (68-69). Two instances that show the children normalize their own fate is when Kathy dances around to her favorite music causing an emotional reaction by a “normal” human (70-71) and when Ruth fantasizes about her “proper career” as if she has a choice to acquire one (144). In the article “Not properly human” the act of normalization can be seen: when they host a game show that gives people human organs from cancer patients (Roos 3), when they say that organ trafficking has to happen because the wait list is too long (3), and when prisoners are forced to give up organs because they “deserve it” (4). In both situations, society attempts to normalize this grueling activity in various ways.
Normalization is significantly outlined through healthful living styles, positive word choice, and regular development pace in children. In Never Let Me Go, Miss Lucy, who is a guardian
Most people want to be normal. The definition of normal however, depends on the culture of the person making the judgment. Far too often, normal is defined in America by looking at the actions and beliefs of the average white middle class family. This definition of normal fails to let other cultures to be accepted, creating distance and misunderstanding.
Gregory exposes and informs the audience that there are thousands of people that are dying and suffering as a result of not being able to receive transplants. Persuasively, Gregory is pushing and convincing readers to open their eyes and agree that there should be a legal market in organ selling and that people should be compensated for their donation. The author approaches counterarguments such as the market will not be fair and the differences between a liberalist’s and conservative’s views on organ selling. Liberal claims like “my body, my choice” and the Conservative view of favoring free markets are what is causing controversy to occur. Gregory suggests that these studies “show that this has become a matter of life and death” (p 452, para 12). Overall, Anthony Gregory makes great claims and is successful in defending them. He concludes with “Once again, humanitarianism is best served by the respect for civil liberty, and yet we are deprived both… just to maintain the pretense of state-enforced propriety” (p 453, para 15). In summary, people are deprived of both humanitarianism and civil liberty all because of the false claim of state-enforced behaviors considered to be appropriate or correct. As a result, lives are lost and human welfare is at
Smith, Wesley J. "The Trouble with Transhumanism." The Center for Bioethics and Culture RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
Imagine being told that your kidney does not function anymore, and having to wait an average of ten years of waiting for a transplant, and yet being afraid of dealing with the black market for a new organ. Joanna Mackay believes that these lives lost every day can be saved, as said in her essay “Organs Sales Will Save Lives”. MacKay’s purpose is to decriminalize organs sales. The rhetorical strategies used by MacKay are ethos, logos and pathos. These 3 strategies are used to persuade the audience of the benefits that may come to both the donor and the patient if decriminalized.
Taylor, J. S. (2009). Autonomy and organ sales, revisited. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , 34, 632-648.
opposite sides the possibility to highlight the immoral activity that is known as the organ trade.
...as an individual, still finding a sense of closeness with their caregiver. The perceptions that are formed as an infant are progressively construed to structure who we are, what we do, and why we do the things we do. These long-term effects appear to grow and are constructive as internal working models which shape our behavior, self perception, sense of self, and our expectations of other people.
The human body, and the organs being prepped for donation are often objectified, making them a “contested terrain” of sorts. This objectification silences the donor and the donors family, making the donor recipient, and the organ transplant surgeons the stars of the show (Sharp, 2001). In the United States, the human body, and organs being donated are often viewed as goods, or objects, being bought and sold for medical purposes. Almost all parts of the human body can be viewed in this manner. Genetic materials associated with reproduction such as placenta, sperm, and ova can be sold as well (Sharp, 2001). Organ transplant lists are very extensive, with a long list of requirements that must be met by the donor recipient before they can even be put on this list. Because some people can be on this list for many years, there is a strong desire, or desperation, for a life saving organ, that individuals will go through the black market to get
Human trafficking is the act of coercing someone into working against his or her will. Anyone can be a victim, especially young girls who are vulnerable to the captor’s lies. Victims have been found anywhere from driving ice cream trucks to touring boys’ choir. In her talk, Noy Thrupkaew shares several examples about how people are deceived and coerced into coming to the United States and being forced to work for someone else. She focuses on how close to home human trafficking really is and how the victims don’t necessarily need saving but solidarity. In Noy Thrupkaew’s speech about human trafficking, she not only shares her own story but also the different situations regarding how the crime functions. Because the speaker
In the schoolyard, a match of tug of war has ensued. Each side’s participants have desperately clenched onto the rope, gained as much footing as possible, and every muscle in their bodies are clenched. When one seems to gain ground, the other begins to pull back even harder striving to prove they are the strongest. In life many situations can be found back in the roots of that schoolyard, one side grimacing at the other because they are not apart of what they call acceptable. In the world of organ transplants and donations, the same tug of war match is underway. Both sides are pulling with all of their might. The thoughts of since the organ did not originate in the body of the recipient it does not belong there, that religious views conflict with whether to give or not, and that there is great success and appreciation of those who have received an organ transplant from a viable donor seems to strengthen the grip on their belief. Each
The uncontainable despair of the weeping and screaming parents entering a room full of body bags containing the altered remains of their children. In a room drained with blood and surrounding fridges for the maintenance of the ejected organs, everything seems miserably surreal(“Children Kidnapped for Their Organs”). This is only one of the discovered cases of the daily dozens of people killed for organ harvestation. Adding up to ten thousand illegal operations in 2012 which translates to hourly sales (Samadi). These abhorrent acts add up as crimes against humanity which are triggered by a numerous amount of reasons; in order to stop these constant atrocities we must uncover the root of the causes.
The movie Gattaca and the novel Never Let Me Go, both display a form of dehumanization and the relationship between those who have been dehumanized and those who are brought up in a more ‘ideal’ way. Gattaca and Never Let Me Go, try and show an alternative future based on the advancement of genetics and how they affect our world in a possible future. They do this by genetically cloning individuals for organ harvesting and attempting to create a perfect world by creating “perfect” humans.
Nadiminti, H. (2005) Organ Transplantation: A dream of the past, a reality of the present, an ethical Challenge for the future. Retrieved February 12, 2014 from http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2005/09/fred1-0509.html
For years, authors and philosophers have satirized the “perfect” society to incite change. In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley describes a so-called utopian society in which everyone is happy. This society is a “controlled environment where technology has essentially [expunged] suffering” (“Brave New World”). A member of this society never needs to be inconvenienced by emotion, “And if anything should go wrong, there's soma” (Huxley 220). Citizens spend their lives sleeping with as many people as they please, taking soma to dull any unpleasant thoughts that arise, and happily working in the jobs they were conditioned to want. They are genetically altered and conditioned to be averse to socially destructive things, like nature and families. They are trained to enjoy things that are socially beneficial: “'That is the secret of happiness and virtue – liking what you've got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their inescapable social destiny'” (Huxley 16). Citizens operate more like machinery, and less like humans. Humanity is defined as “the quality of being human” (“Humanity”). To some, humanity refers to the aspects that define a human: love, compassion and emotions. Huxley satirizes humanity by dehumanizing the citizens in the Brave New World society.
All children have many characteristics that make them unique, yet they have a lot in common. All children have specialized needs at some point in their life. “When children have diverse needs, whether temporary or permanent, there is a danger of considering only how different those needs make them; educators may lose sight of how much they resemble other children. When that happens, the educator may forget these children have the same basic ...