Non State Actors In Protecting Environment

O’Neil (2009) presented the analysis of environmental NGOs and firms relationship in which environmental NGOs convinced companies or corporations that consumers concerned environmental movements, hence, ‘eco-friendly’ partnership relation would maximise their profits. Because of this, companies and corporations decided cooperation with environmental NGOs. O’Neil (2009) also used an example of Coca-Cola and WWF cooperation to illustrate for her view. Secondly, the contribution of non-actors by providing scientist evidence of environmental status quo help people and states tackle environmental issues. To make their warning about environmental problem more realiable, most of NGOs give scientist research of their partners. By an empirical example

The main objectives and functions of non – state actors such as: NGOs or environmental activists are mostly assistance to states and educating people in order to protect environment (Badruddin, 2014). Directly solving environmental problem requires laws and legitimacy to implement. That are functions of state actors and non – state actors do not have legitimacy for doing these. Lobbying or using population to make a pressure (such as: protest movements) or even participating in decision – making as mentioned above, these action are indirect tackling environmental problems because those present the attemp of non – state actors to affect decision of states. In some situations, the involvements of non – state actors such as: making protest could create a political anachy which deflect the protection of environment purpose or in case of representations of NGOs sit in an agenda to discuss a solution for environmental problems, their power are almost less than state actors in making decision (O’Neil, 2009). Therefore, non – state actors cannot directly tackle environmental issues. Having the same opinion about non – state actors, Raustiala (2001), argued non – state actors, especially NGOs can affect environmental policies, but state and governmental body are a key to improve environment. The writer considered NGOs “attempting shape government action” that refers non – state actors role is influence governmental ideas, do not have legitimacy in decision. For that reason, resolving environmental problems directly is a part of state actors rather non-state actors. In addition, protection of environment is also a responsibility of each individuals in society. Even state ratifield and implement environmental policies as purpose of NGOs or activists or both non and state actors attempt to educating