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educational implications of moral development in infancy
educational implications of moral development in infancy
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Exam Two
Phil 140
Winter 2016
Adanna Nwaro
1. The moral status of a creature is at the core of many issues in ethics. That is, in determining the moral status of the creature, we 're interested in what features a creature must have in order to be a morally relevant being (the kind of creature that has moral rights). Non-paradigmatic humans (i.e. infants, the cognitively disabled, etc.) and animals are importantly related in answering this question. Explain how non-paradigmatic humans and animals are related.
One characteristic of Human beings is that for one to be considered Human he must be able to achieve the kind of dignity and self-respect that human beings have, he must be able to choose his actions rather than be led by instinct. Hence, the values of appreciating art, literature, and the goods that come with deep personal relationships all require one to be rational, autonomous,
Just like Smith, Jones plans to drown the child in his bath. However, just as he enters the bathroom Jones witnesses the child slip, hit his head, and fall face down in the water. Jones is delighted and stands by, in anticipation to push the child 's head back under if need be, but it isn’t necessary. After a little thrashing about, the child drowns by himself. Jones watches and does nothing "coincidentally."
Smith killed the child, whereas Jones "only" let the child die. That is the difference between the cases. However, did either man behave better better than the other from a moral point of view? If the difference between killing and letting die were in itself morally important, we could say that Jones 's behavior was less disgusting than Smith 's. But we would all agree that they both had criminal intentions that led to the same outcome. Both men acted from the same motive, personal gain, and had exactly the same end in view when they acted or Did not act in the case of
In one scene, Smith drowns his nephew while he’s taking a bath. In the second scene, Jones plans to drown his nephew while he’s taking a bath, but the child itself slips and hit his head. The nephew ends up drowning without Jones having to kill him. Rachels’ says that the only different between the two scenes were that one did the killing and another letting his nephew die. And that there was no difference between on what Jones and Smith did because they both did wrong.
Many centuries ago, people started thinking about the question “Who we are, where did we come from, and where are we going?” While seeking for the answers, many standpoints developed. Everyone has an opinion; when confronted with life’s decisions, even on what not to do and how to best stay away from regret. Then, another question was raised: can the individual ever be higher than the universal? Lead by the famous philosopher John Stuart Mill, many people believe that all are born selfish hedonists and get shaped by the culture and environment and eventually live for the society.
courage as manifested in ways others act; and (4) respect for individuality of the human
In the long trek of life, people are constantly chided to follow their hearts, and to be themselves, and to let our individuality run free. As Georg Simmel once said,“The deepest problems of modern life derive from the claim of the individual to preserve the autonomy and individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming social forces, of historical heritage, of external culture, and of the technique of life.” He is utterly correct. Every person, every mind and every heart, has their own way of doing things. We have associated individuality with singularit...
Rachel presents two cases called Jones vs Smith; they are exactly the same except one involves killing and the other letting die. In both cases Jones and Smith are in for a big inheritance if their 6-year-old cousin dies. They both go into the bathroom with the same intention of killing the kid. In the
In the unit “The Spirit of Individualism” there are two parts, “Celebrations of the self” and “The Dark side of Individualism” with pieces that present very different perspectives on human nature. “The Dark side of Individualism” portrays human nature as greedy, confused, easily caught up in fame, and addicted to wealth and possessions. In “Celebrations of the Self”, human nature is viewed in a more positive light. The characteristics shown are self reliance, independence, wisdom and selflessness. “The Dark side of Individualism” pieces are written in a more macabre tone, whereas “Celebrations of the Self” pieces have a more positive and uplifting tone to them. The generalizations of human nature are different because of the pieces in “The Dark side of Individualism” and “Celebrations of the Self” have entirely different views on life and human nature.
To ascribe an entity with moral status ― whether an adult human, infant, foetus, or non-human animal ― is to declare that its treatment by other moral agents is mo...
Billions of animals are being slaughtered, abused, and harmed every year; causing enormous amounts of pain, suffering and distress upon them. It is wrong for humans to cause extended harm to animals for no compelling reason, for the fact that they have moral statuses. We have obligations to animals, and these are not simply grounded in human interests. However, the issues of moral status and equal consideration are far more fundamental and far-reaching in practical impact as DeGrazia have stated. (38) Animals have as much moral status and rights as humans do, and are most definitely worthy of our consideration in their lives.
defends the argument that humans are not solely defined by their nature or nurture, but by both. The
Confucius said that by personality, human beings are born with comparatively the same faculties and needs. Apparently there are exemptions at either tremendous and of the continuum, but in common human beings are all very comparable at birth. Based upon the actions of human beings, the feedback that humans receive in reaction and change in their behavior in response to the feedback, they each begin to undertake a different pathway. This deed feedback change process shapes the experiences of humans, creating their unique personal lives (Van and Bryan 11). In the illustration above, Confucius reveals that what humans have in common by personality is their potential for devel...
Gruen, Lori, "The Moral Status of Animals", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = .
... concept. An animal cannot follow our rules of morality, “Perhaps most crucially, what other species can be held morally accontable” (Scully 44). As a race humans must be humane to those that cannot grasp the concept. Animals do not posess human rights but they posess the right to welfare and proper treatment by their handlers.
For the past five weeks we have studied three different but influential people in our perspective on human nature class. They are Freud, Plato and Tzu. The main discussion between all of them is nature versus nurture. I will discuss the difference between nature and nurture and then I’ll apply to each of these philosophers and how they react to it.
In his work, Who is Man, Abraham J. Heschel embarks on a philosophical and theological inquiry into the nature and role of man. Through analysis of the meaning of being human, Heschel determines eight essential traits of man. Heschel believes that the eight qualities of preciousness, uniqueness, nonfinality, process and events, solitude and solidarity, reciprocity, and sanctity constitute the image of man that defines a human being. Yet Heschel’s eight qualities do not reflect the essential human quality of the realization of mortality. The modes of uniqueness and opportunity, with the additional singular human quality of the realization of mortality, are the most constitutive of human life as uniqueness reflects the fundamental nature of humanity,
Nussbaum, MC 2006, ‘The moral status of animals’, The Chronicle of Higher Education, February 3, pp. 1-6.