12. The weather from the last few centuries was severe and had some tropical storms that affected the coastline. The weather pattern of today has become less mild, and winter storms brought by El Nino has caused more problems to the coastline
13. De-watering system, sea walls, and rock pile (riprap)
14. Riprap (rock piles) are more effective in reducing bluff erosion because wave energy is not reflecting back to the beach, instead, it is distributed by breaking around the large rocks.
15. Removes sand from the beach, and seawalls reflect energy to the bluffs that are surrounded, which caused increased erosion at places where the sea walls end.
16. The sea walls are constructed along the shoreline where there are sea caves and joints. They
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During the erosion process, the dune materials can be removed. The materials can also be removed because of weather (nature) and human activities.
28. Dunes are formed near the shorelines of the beach, and they are formed when there is enough space, force and sand. The beach is also the main source for dunes to be formed.
29. Scarp and the railing of the walkway are examples of erosion and deposition, and scarp is formed during the erosion process due to the storms. Dune deposition cause the dunes to migrate onto the walkways, which cover parts of the walkways, and allow less space for human to pass by.
30. The main cause of dunes erosion is storms, sand of the dunes is removed, which cause scarp to form. Wind is also another cause of the dunes erosion.
31. The dunes can be stabilized with vegetation, and vegetation allows the velocity of the wind to decrease, which also helps to keep the sand in place.
32. Human have tried to build walls, groins, and riprap revetments along the shorelines to reduce erosion.
33. a). riprap revetments are made up of rocks, while groins are usually made up of big boulders, concrete and wood.
b). Both the groins and riprap revetments are built along the shorelines of the beaches, and the riprap revetments are usually parallel to the
See Location Map of the coastline being studied from Herne Bay to Reculver.
Investigation on Coastal Erosion In Porlock Bay Aims ---- Aim 1: To find out if beach material is moved across Porlock Bay by longshore drift. Aim 2: To find out which type of sea defense is best for Porlock bay. If L.S.D. (long shore drift) were taking place I would expect to find: a) Deposition at one end of the bay and against any abstractions such as groynes. b)
Investigating the Geographical Processes that are Affecting the Physical and Built Coastal Environment There are three geographical processes that are affecting the physical and built coastal environment, they are; erosion, deposition, and transportation. Erosion is the group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation, by which material is worn away from the earth’s surface, this is mainly caused by wind, running water, and waves breaking on the coast. Deposition is the depositing something or the laying down of matter by a natural process. Transportation is when sand is moved along the coast by long shore drift. At North Cronulla beach erosion is evident.
Yes this feature is the result of erosion and depositional processes however, it is not associated with the current water course. This feature may be the result of a Gilbert type delta that once occupied this area. Gilbert type deltas have three main components; topsets, foresets and bottomsets. Topsets are fluvial sediments (primarily sandur deposits) that were deposited on the subaerial delta surface. Erosive events occurring on the upper forslope can result in downslope channels and chutes. These features are then eroded by either strong currents or by debris flow resulting in these channels and chutes to become filled. Foresets are a combination of sand and gravel facies. The are deposited by gravitational processes on the delta foreslope and the grains tend to become finer and more angular downslope. Bottomsets consist of fine grained silts and clay and are deposited at the foot of the delta front.
coast (as shown in pictures 1 & 2). The area of sea is subject to the
We saw that there was vegetation, which had been planted on the sand dunes near Dunwich Heath. There is also fencing around the dunes to stop them being eroded through people walking on them. Coastal Protection At Aldeburgh Text Box: Fig 4.1Text Box: In Aldeburgh however, the types of protection involve 'hard' protection. These are man-made objects. At Aldeburgh, three hard protection methods have been employed, and one soft method.
... consider some ideas of what can be done to further enhance the management of the coastal issue. Using the research action plan, I aim to acquire a sophisticated understanding of longshore drift, coastal management and implementations of coastal issues, through the research action plan. Most importantly, I will include various diagrams explaining how the process of longshore drift occurs and what implementations it has on coastal environments, accompanied by an explanation of how the issue is being managed, a detailed outline of the geographical processes involved and a discussion of the impacts of the issue and why it is important.
In the article “The City and the Sea”, by Meera Subramanian she says, how Richard George a local artist joined an association called each side Bungalow Preservation Association not knowing nothing about sea surges or dune ecology, with $15,000 that was given to them to just plant trees. Subramanian also says, how the NYC Green Thumb, which is the community garden city network supporter helped with the established plants to be watered through the first susceptible summer. She goes on saying, that on either side from where the dunes ended from Beach 27th street the water from Sandy’s flood penetrated there, so the double-dune system that was a few blocks on both sides was able to protect the place. Subramanian says, how the high-water that mark
Increased sea levels can give way to a variety of problems: rapid coastal erosion, shoreline change, loss of natural protective barriers, saltwater intrusion into aquifers and surface water, changes in tidal prisms (volume of water in an inlet between high tide and low tide), and rising water tables ("Climate Change and Impacts of Sea Level Rise"). Ventura County is facing many issues with rapid coastal erosion and loss of natural protective barriers. Beach Erosion Authority for Clean Oceans and Nourishment (BEACON) conducted a study to evaluate the conditions of different beaches along the Ventura County coast (Barlow, "Coastal Erosion Problems Highlighted in New Study"). Port Hueneme’s western beaches (picture to the left) are losing three to five inches per month due to sea level rise pushing beaches farther back.
Over the past 100 years the Louisiana coastline has suffered greatly from biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors. The abiotic factors include things such as hurricanes or overnutrition that influence the surrounding biota. The biotic factors that contribute to coastal erosion are things like the immigration invasive species and the emigration or extinction of local flora and fauna that help preserve the wetlands. Additionally, there are anthropogenic factors such as pollution that can have strong negative influences on the abiotic and biotic factors of the wetlands. Each one of these factors cause ecological disturbances to the wetlands at a frequency and intensity that is unmanageable for the local flora and fauna. There are currently certain measures that are being taken into consideration to slow or stop the erosion of the Louisiana coastline.
Living in Bangladesh, we have seen quite disastrous mudslides from the past few years. Mudslide is also called a landslide or a land slip. It is a downward mass movement of earth or rock on unstable slopes, including many forms resulting from differences in rock structure, coherence of material involved, degree of slope, amount of included water, extent of natural or artificial undercutting at the base of the slope, relative rate of movement, and relative quantity of material involved. There are numerous facts that can cause a mudslide and there are also numerous effects that it can cause us.
see two piers jutting out into the Pacific. On either side of the piers are
There are many different glacial landforms created by glacial erosion, one of these landforms is U-shaped valleys or glacial troughs. This glacial landform has many distinct characteristics. One of these characteristics is that it has very steep valley sides caused by the glacier as it moves down the valley eroding the sides of the valley by the processes of abrasion and plucking. Abrasion is when the boulders and moraine carried by the glacier rubs and erodes the valley side as it physically moves down the valley. Plucking happens when the water in the glacier freezes inside of the cracks in the individual rocks on the valley side then the water freezes and as the glacier moves the rock is plucked or torn from the valley side producing the steep side to the valley.
Planting trees and certain other herbaceous plants can have a significantly positive impact on the mitigation of soil erosion. Some great plants that are useful when trying to control soil erosion are sage, buckwheat, and oak trees. This will help keep the water from soiling up and another way is that wrappers, bottles and other trash are unfortunately a common sight at many well-used beaches and rivers around the world. It should be obvious that the trash from these places often ends up in waterways and can cause pollution. Plastics are an especially big issue when it comes to water contamination at beaches and waterways.
The Sahara's landscape features include shallow basins, large oasis depressions, gravel-covered plains, plateaus, and mountains, sand sheets, dunes and sand seas. Sand sheets and dunes cover over 25 percent of the Sahara’s surface. The most common types of dunes include tied dunes, blowout dunes, and transverse dunes. Within the Sahara are several pyramidal dunes that reach over 500 feet in height while others reach over 1,000 feet. Researchers have for many years tried to figure out how these dunes were formed, but the case remains unsolved.