Nigeria Fertility Rates
The fertility rates in Nigeria are high because of Nigerian resistance toward family planning. Strangely, African maternal mortality rates are also the highest in the world.
Nigeria, on the South Atlantic coast is one of the typical rural-based countries of Africa. It is generally lower in terms of education and income when compared to the rest of the world. Nigeria is also one of the leading populated countries of Africa with one-fourth of the Sub-Saharan African population. The country has contributed greatly to Africa's fertility rise and the continent as a whole claims up to twelve percent of the world's population, which is comparable to its nine percent population density in 1950 (Caldwell, 1990, 118)
Many researchers connect Africa's economical and educational standings to the continents high fertility rates. However, this hypothesis was proven wrong by a comparison study done on the two continents of Africa and Asia. Both had similar social and economic numbers, but today Asia's economy has grown more than Africa's, and Asia's fertility rates have declined more than a third since the 1980s. As a result of these studies many researchers now say that the reason for high fertility rates in the world is among the lifestyles of the people. Nigerian lifestyle is commonly rural and less industrialized than that of the rest of the world (Caldwell, 1990, 118).
Not surprisingly, the introduction of family planning to African countries such as Nigeria started out slowly. At a world population conference in Bucharest in 1974, most African governments cautiously took direction toward national population programs. Only a few countries supported such programs; Nigeria was not among them. Ten years later, at a conference in Mexico City, most African Nations supported family planning. The Nigerian government set president and now encourages women to limit themselves to four children; other countries throughout the continent are doing likewise (Caldwell, 1990, 123).
Although Nigeria was one of the first to try directly controlling the number of children a couple should have, it is still struggling with family planning. Like most African governments, the Nigerian government is a little apprehensive to create a population control program, much less one similar to China's. This is due to their fear of inflicting on the views of fertility issues. Nigerian views are somewhat different; they are centered on beliefs and religious practices that are strange to the modernized world (Caldwell, 1990, 121).
His boisterous personality influenced many aspects of American culture, and his contributions and influence on Jazz are immeasurable. Nobody has done more for Jazz than Louis Armstrong, without question he is a Jazz legend (Friedwald). Armstrong excelled at everything he performed. A renaissance man of our time, his appreciation for music and life showed in his performances, and his talent showed his techniques and improvisation. Louis’s technique and improvisation on the trumpet set the standard for Jazz musicians (Friedwald). Fellow trumpeter Dizzie Gillespie credited Armstrong with this honor stating, “If it weren’t for him there wouldn’t be any of us.” This reputation would lend him to be referred to as Jazz royalty. With his trumpet and his scat singing he revolutionized Jazz. Though vocally limited, his understanding of how to use his voice beyond his natural abilities led to his perfection of scat (Edwards). Scatting allowed him to perfect his improvisational skill. Scatting, or scat singing would come to be known as the “House that Satch Built” and Armstrong the “Original Man of Scat.”
Niger, home of the free flowing Niger River, is a Sub-Saharan, western African nation. Sadly, it is an extremely poor country because part of the country is desert and less than 3% open for crop use. The present economic situation is bleak at best. Yet, the vibrant tradition and history of this country lives today in its tribes and its people even through all of its adversities. From severe droughts to military coups to a dysfunctional government to the culture has stayed strong.
...e samples provided, there was microscopic evidence of roundworm, tapeworm, whipworm and pinworm present. This discovery indicated that there were indeed human parasites from excrement present in the area. Although there have been Bedouins known to inhabit one of the areas, they are not known to bury their excrement. Therefore, Tabor arrives at the conclusion that this new evidence supported the hypothesis that the sect living at Qumran was indeed an Essene community.
...risis that showed and opinion from the African American perspective. The creation of Jazz was essential in life as we know it because Jazz was extremely popular amongst the youth. In order to change the world for the long term the youth must be targeted and the old perceptions and thoughts of older more conservative and racist generations must be proven to be inadequate. When the white kids in both the south and the north began enjoying Jazz it gave a lot of spotlight to some of the best Jazz composers which a majority of which were African American. The youths respected the music which helped young whites across the nation develop the respect for black men and their work. As more and more whites indulged in the Jazz music they got a taste of black culture while being shown that humans intelligence, strength, and work ethic does not depend on the color of ones skin.
Armstrong became the first of many things such as movies, performances, etc “During this period, Armstrong set a number of African-American "firsts." In 1936, he became the first African-American jazz musician to write an autobiography: Swing That Music. That same year, he became the first African-American to get featured billing in a major Hollywood movie with his turn in Pennies from Heaven, starring Bing Crosby.” One of the reasons is because he was so talented and gifted he manage to attract attention from the Upper class. He also became a legend to most African Americans.
The jazz community and the music we know today would not be the same without the contributions of Louis Armstrong, who is widely considered to be a founding father of Jazz. The works of Louis Armstrong who was a trumpet and cornet player, composer, actor, and singer have profoundly shaped and impacted all American music. His ingenuity and his musically inventive mind have given us a style that dominates the Jazz community. Armstrong’s innovations and progressions single handedly changed the face of Jazz, his innovations are still effecting music today. Many musicians today work in the shadow of Louis towering figure and bask in his legacy he left behind. His style of trumpet playing revolutionized the world of Jazz, and he became one of
Jazz had a significant change on the culture. Jazz was known as “race records” because it was usually only played in black neighborhoods. Jazz influenced the way people dressed, danced, and lived their lives. Louis Armstrong was one of the biggest names in Jazz along sides with King Oliver. King Oliver was the root of jazz music. Most jazz bands were in New Orleans and South Chicago. Armstrong played in Oliver’s band but in the mid-twenties Oliver went solo. They were both huge names in Jazz music. People wanted to listen to jazz, it made them feel free.
In conclusion, the evidence is overwhelming that jazz has left a large impact on American culture. The birth of jazz started with African Americans and has lasted throughout the years because of African Americans. Events such as the Great Migration and Harlem Renaissance allowed for artists such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington to spread the popularity of jazz. Jazz was able to change how Americans viewed African Americans and their culture and essentially invited Americans into their culture and shape America to where it is today. This change was happened because jazz brought a change to the music scene, acceptance of African Americans, and a change of lifestyles to the everyday people. Although some will never be convinced, but jazz is here to stay.
The history of jazz has many innovative and outstanding musicians that it is difficult to find somebody with as much influence on the genre as Louis Armstrong had on jazz. His legacy is much more than just his phenomenal trumpet playing, but also for his amazing innovations he contributed to the genre of music. Armstrong committed countless hours to putting on jaw dropping performances that will always be remembered and has made Armstrong into a jazz icon. Armstrong’s contributions to the jazz genre has created and entire culture of the 20th century
The Federal Republic of Nigeria also know the Giant of Africa is located along the southern coast of Africa. They have the largest population in Africa and, shares borders with Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Benin. Nigeria is the home to 250 ethnic groups making up around 177 million people. About half the population follows Islam, while 40% are Christians and then another 10% are animist. Nigeria is one of the largest producers of Oil in the world along with tin, coal, and iron ore.
Human population growth tends to occur in developing countries, where education is poor, particularly among the women who do not want to have fewer children, and the economy is poor. These developing countries are rich with history and the women have ideologies and pressures from the surrounding communities to bear many children. Religion is also heavily practised by the nations, and in some of these religions multiple children is desired. A male may also have the right to marry several women, all of whom he has multiple children with.
In the end, what holds African countries such as Nigeria together is their shared pride. Modern, western influences can bring positive changes to society, but new cultures cannot completely eradicate the foundational cultures to which a society is founded on.
Yao, J., Murray, A.T. and Agadjanian, V., 2013. A geographical perspective on access to sexual and reproductive health care for women in rural Africa. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 96, 60
Okeke, Phil E. "Reconfiguring Tradition: Women's Rights and Social Status in Contemporary Nigeria." Africa Today 47.1 (2000): 49-63.
...he second way to attempt to decrease the population is through increased active family planning programs. Especially in poor countries, it is a lot harder for women just to jump into the work force, and even harder for a poor country to become industrialized. For example, in Bangladesh, one of the world's poorest countries, birth rates have decreased from seven children per family to only 5.5. This is largely because forty percent of Bangladesh's woman now take part in some form of family planning.