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Background Research "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction" Newton's third law of motion explains that forces always act in equal but opposite pairs. In comparison, Lenz law also implement Newton's third law of motion, but is mostly based on Faraday's law of induction, which is one of the essential concepts of electricity in todays society. In Lenz law he explains that an electric current generate by a changing magnetic field will flow such that it will create its "own" magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field that created it. Based on Faraday's law of induction, discovered by Michael Faraday, it explains how the change in magnetic fields causes "current" to flow through wires. The first generator was created by
Magnetism is a physical occurrence produced by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects. To answer the question "why are magnets significant to people" is that ever since the discoveries of Michael Faraday and Heinrich Lenz, the concept of magnets became very essential to mankind particularly due to the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Magnets are everywhere and sometimes we don't realize how important they are to us or how much we are surrounded by them, but with magnets we were able to invent new things and discover new ideas. Without the discovery of magnets, life on this world would be unimaginably difficult. The importance of magnetism is that it protects life on earth by detecting things from outer space, such as the use of the satellite or GPS to help us find a way to places. The region surrounding the earth in which its magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field called magnetosphere, consists of charged ions that are prevented from striking earth's surface as the earth is orbiting around the
Isaac Newton discovered gravity when an apple had fallen on his head. He then began to think about how the apple had fallen onto his head and thus Newton’s three laws of motion were created. Newton’s first law of motion is an object in motion tends to stay in motion; an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless another force is acted upon it. Newton’s second law of motion is about the formula for force, which is force= mass*acceleration. Newton’s third law of motion is for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Furthermore, Isaac Newton created the three laws of motion.
Magnetism is very useful in our daily life. A magnetic field is a mathematical description of the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials. In addition, magnetic field is a region which a magnetic material experiences a force as the result of the presence of a magnet or a current carrying conductor. Current carrying conductors also known as wire. As we know there have north pole and south pole of a magnet. If same pole of magnet approaches each other, there will repel each other. In contrast, if different pole of magnet approaches each other, they will attract. These are same with the electric charge, if same charge it will repel, different charge it will attract. Although magnets and magnetism were known much earlier, the study of magnetic fields began in 1269 when French scholar Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt mapped out the magnetic field on the surface of a spherical magnet using iron needles [search from Wikipedia]. Noting that the resulting field lines crossed at two points he named those points 'poles' in analogy to Earth's poles. Each magnet has its own magnetic field which experiences a force as the result of the presence of a magnet and magnetic field has made up of magnetic field lines. The properties of magnetic field lines is it begin at the north pole and end at the south pole. The north pole always flow out while south pole always flow in. The closer the magnetic field lines, the strength of magnetic field increases. Furthermore, these line cannot cross each other. Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. Ferromagnetic materials...
Electromagnetism has a history that dates back over 200 years. The year 1700 was the first demonstration of an electromagnet, yet scientists didn't know much about electromagnetism (Bellis 1). In 1820, scientists had just started to get deep into electromagnets, Hans Oersted discovered that a conductor carrying an electric current was surrounded by a magnetic field (Bellis 2). Hans Oersted discovered this because his compass reacted to a battery when he connected them using wires. That is a big breakthrough because they can now make hypotheses about why the wire with current makes a magnetic field to rearrange the compass direction. In 1873, James Maxwell observed the interaction between positive and negative electrical charges (Brian, Looper 2000). Ben Franklin was the person to figure out that there is a positive and negative charge (Bellis 1). Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Without magnetism, electricity couldn't exist, without electricity, magnetism couldn't exist.
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) was an eccentric man that was many lifetimes ahead of his generation. He was a man that dreamed of giving the world an unlimited supply of wireless energy. His genius imagination allowed him to think outside the box and solve issues that others had thought were unsolvable. Nikola Tesla proposed his vision for a system powered by an alternating current generator to Thomas Edison and was shot down because Thomas Edison’s power structure had already been established using a direct current system. The two butt heads however Nikola Tesla was relentless. After being used and rejected by Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla picked himself and went toe to toe with the most prolific inventor. The stage for David vs Goliath was set. Through Nikola Tesla’s borderline obsession to solve the design for an alternating current motor and sacrificing his own opportunity to become a wealthy man, we now live in a very efficient world where everyone reaps the rewards of his genius, few know his name, and even fewer know what he did.
In New York City during the late 1880’s, a fierce battle was raging between two great innovators of the age. The combatants, Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla, were fighting over the prize to power cities in the ever more industrial world. Thomas Edison championed his direct-current (DC) system whereas Nikola Tesla was proposing his system using alternating-current (AC). This “War of the Currents” ushered in the electrical age, from which our modern society arose. Just as the AC and DC electrical generating systems where diametrically opposed to each other; so were Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison.
Have you ever walked into a room, turned on a light, and wondered, “Who gave us the ability to do this?” Nikola Tesla is the man’s name. He invented Alternating Current, or AC, which is the electrical system that we use to power our world today. In this paper, I will be describing a few of Nikola Tesla’s innovations and how they inspired and impacted our way of life.
Tesla’s most influential creations, set to change the world was produced in 1891 when tesla came up with what was known as the Tesla coil.
The Tesla coil was made by Nikola Tesla in 1891. Tesla was a scientist that believed the ground and Earth were better conductors than metals. Therefore, he created the Tesla Coil which was a device that could send electricity to appliances without cords or wires. This device was able to power lights or other things that required electricity from several feet away. The Tesla coil looks like a mushroom with a metal top and copper wire coiled around the center of it. A Tesla Coil if tweaked can make electrical currents go through your body, make electron winds, or shoot lightning bolts. Altogether the Coil was made so the world wouldn't have wires everywhere. Imagine a world with no wires, there wouldn’t be things you could trip over and no telephone
NEWTON concluded that not only the earth, but every object in this universe attracts every other object present around it with a certain amount of force. To draw this conclusion this great physicist also gave many laws like “THE UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION”.
The magnetic susceptibility χ (=M/H) (FC and ZFC) as a function of temperature measured at low applied field (H=50 Oe) is presented in Fig.5. The molar susceptibility shows a monotonic increase upon cooling down to ~ 22 K, where a steeper increase is observed. Below this temperature a bifurcation between the ZFC and the FC curves is evident (see inset of Fig.5. On the other and above 22 K the reciprocal magnetic susceptibility (1/χ) as a function of temperature shows a linear trend (Fig. 5 right scale). In detail, above ca. 30 K, in the paramagnetic region, the Curie-Weiss law is strictly followed. By fitting the linear part of the 1/χ curve with 1/χ = (T-p)/C, in the 30-310 K temperature range, a Curie-Weiss temperature, p = -2.3 K, and the Curie constant, C = 1.30 cm3.K.mol-1, (µeff = 3.2 µB) were obtained. The small negative Curie-Weiss temperature indicates the presence weak antiferromagnetic exchangeinteraction between the Ni magnetic centres. Indeed, the χT curve (Fig. 6 left scale) shows a downward curvature, typical of systems with antiferromagnetic correlations and/or non-negligible spin-orbit coupling. The χT=1.31 cm3.K.mol-1 at 310 K undergoes a small and gradual decrease to 1.19 emu.K.mol-1 at 24.5 K. The Curie constant value, either obtained by1/χ linear fit or the χT product for T>>p is in reasonable agreement with the expected spin-only theoretical value for NiII in octahedral environment with S=1 spin state (C = 1 cm3.K.mol-1and µeff = 2.83 µB considering g = 2) for unquenched orbital moment C = 3.91 cm3.K.mol-1and µeff = 5.59 µB).
Temperature has a large effect on particles. Heat makes particles energized causing them to spread out and bounce around. Inversely the cold causes particles to clump together and become denser. These changes greatly F magnetic the state of substances and can also influence the strength of magnetic fields. This is because it can alter the flow of electrons through the magnet.
Magnets have had a slow and humble start but quickly took off, the discovery of their ability to be affected and effect electrical currents around them. They have been attempted to be used in conventional and nonconventional ways alike from converting energy to relieving pain. We’ve learned that because they are unable to generate their own power we cannot use them as a power source but we can in fact use them for power conversions. I believe further studies in field of magnets will reveal further applications of magnets in the future and quite possibly the application of magnets as a power source.
The research that established Faraday as the foremost experimental scientist of his day was, however, in the fields of electricity and magnetism. In 1821 he plotted the magnetic field around a conductor carrying an electric current; the existence of the magnetic field had first been observed by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted in 1819.
The Tesla Coil was the innovation of a mad scientist experiment with electricity in 1891. This experiment sparked the innovation of inventions in our modern electrical grid. This innovation was created before the conventional iron-core transformer that was used to lighten systems and telephone circuits. The main concept behind the coil is actually fairly simple; this concept is actually fairly simple which uses electromagnetic and resonance force.
The proton precession magnetometer is most commonly used for land-based magnetic surveys.This magnetometer only measures the total amplitude (size) of the earth magnetic field. Usually these type of measurements are referred to as total field measurements.