New World Domesticates of the Genus Chenopodium
The genus Chenopodium includes a variety of weedy herbs native to much of Europe, Asia, India, China and both North and South America. This genus belongs to the Chenopodiaceae or goosefoot family which also Includes spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and beets (Beta vulgaris). The name chenopodium means goosefoot in Greek, and refers to the resemblance many leaves of Chenopodium have to the webbed feet of geese.
There are both wild and domesticated species of the Genus Chenonodium indigenous to the New World. Often regarded as a common weed (Dept. of Agriculture 1955), many different species of Chenopodium can be found growing wild today throughout North and South America. The most significant of these in terms of cultivar progeny and economic utilization are the species Chenopodium berlandieri from Mexico and the Southwestern United States, and Chenopodium bushianum of the Eastern United States. Common names often applied to members of this genus Include goosefoot, lamb's quarter, and occasionally pigweed. Reaching a height of 3-4 feet (the Andean cultivar C. quinoa reaches 6 feet) these annual species propagate via seeds produced between August and November. Well known as a campfollower, Chenopodium is most often found in disturbed soil with in close proximity of human settlements or constructions.
Domesticated Chenopods
Domesticated species of Chenopodium known today include Chenopodium nuttalliae from central Mexico, and two varieties of Chenopodium quinoa from the Andes of South America. C. guinoa has been dated from archaeological contexts as ancient as 7000 B.P. (Bender 1975:197). From the prehistoric eastern woodlands of North America, it is hypothesized that there once existed a now extinct domesticated chenopod named Chenopodium bushianum ssp. jonesianum (Smith 1987).
Among these cultivated species of Chenopodium, the wild mechanisms for seed dispersal and germination dormancy have been lost, seed size has increased dramatically and the seed is light colored because of an extreme reduction of the testa (Wilson and Heiser 1979). Economic Uses
Chenopods have long been recognized as a valuable resource for exploitation as food. Cultivation requires a minimum of energy and labor investment. Furthermore, the leaves and fruit (i.e. seeds) of these plants are extremely nutritious. For example, the leaves of Chenopodium albidum L. contain more vitamin A and Ascorbic Acid than the most common garden fruits and vegetables (Zennie and Ogzewalla 1977).
The prodigious yields derived from chenopods are also an important factor in terms of its value as a economic resource.
Rabbit tobacco is also known as lasting, everlasting, sweet balsam, white balsam, feather-weed, and sweet cudweed. Its scientific name is Gaphalium obtusifolium. These annual herbs reach a height of 1 to 3 feet and have erect stems with brown, shriveled leaves persisting into winter and stems covered with felt-like hairs in summer. The leaves are 1 to 3 inches long, and alternate. The flowers, minute in whitish heads, appear in late summer to fall. Fields, pastures, and disturbed areas are the sites of this common native plant of the eastern United States. The Cherokee named it rabbit tobacco because they believe it was the rabbit who took attended the plant.
Early in the morning on August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3 rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale–it brought sustained winds of 100–140 miles per hour–and stretched some 400 miles across. The storm itself did a great deal of damage, but its aftermath was catastrophic. Levee breaches led to massive flooding, and many people charged that the federal government was slow
...ong, and shorter stalks are 20-100mm long. The flower length from the axils are one to three centimeters long. The optimum flowering time is from May through August. The fruit are pod shaped with seedlings coiled into two to three spirals with a strong net vein three to four millimeters long (montanaplant-life.org).
chocolate. (Yum) Due to the popularity of tea in Spain, other drinks such as coffee and
There were many things destroyed and many people displaced from their homes and family. Studies show more than 400,000 people in the New Orleans and Mississippi Gulf area were forced to travel away from everything they knew (Katrina Displaced 400,000, Study Says). The emotional damage of the storm is not something easily communicated but the financial toll calculated is somewhere around $96-$125 billion, the insurance losses were looked at at around half that (Hurricane Katrina Damage Facts and Economic Effects). With so many people not where they should be and facing the financial hardships of the storm’s aftermath, the economy suffered. As well as the oil and gas pipelines damaged in the storm and unattainable through the debris. All these costs affected production, sales, and caused the Gross Domestic Product and economic growth to change from 3.8% to 1.3% by the October-December quarter. Total estimated costs to property was es...
In certain areas of the world hurricanes are a part to life and although Katrina looked as if it was going to be a rough and dangerous storm many people who live in the gulf thought they would be able to handle what was storm had to offer. The storm itself, while although dangerous and cause damage it was the infrastructure and the levy the really ended up turning this disaster to the magnitude it ended up being. Hurricane Katrina provided to be a storm that not only the citizens were not able to handle but also the government was ill prepared for.
The definition of culture is the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a social or ethnic group. Some major elements of culture include values, religion, beliefs, language and symbols. The cultures of Spain are European cultures based on a variety of historical influences. The Spanish culture is primarily based on pre-Roman Celtic and Iberian culture. Accordingly, Roman Catholic is the main religion of Spain and serves as a basis for societal norms with the official language of the country being Castilian Spanish. Most countries in the region share identical past colonization, and geographical structure that became vital in the development of each country; consequently, Spain’s physical geography, climate, and history are factors that have molded its socioeconomic status and political state.
Unsurprisingly, Branagh’s version of the scene in Gertrude’s closet contains many differences as well. Even in this scene so wrought with family peril, the focus of Branagh’s Hamlet remains on the theme of revenge. From the moment Hamlet arrives in Gertrude’s chamber there is a screaming match. Gertrude is indignant and insulted, rather than hurt and scared as in Doran’s portrayal. Even when Hamlet becomes more violent and physical with her, she still appears to be strong and a nearly even adversary. The killing of Polonius occurs in a similar fashion, except he is hidden behind a curtain rather than a mirror and Hamlet kills him with a dagger instead of a gun. This time period difference is vital in the playing out of this murder, because the “revenge” that takes place is much more personal with a dagger than with a gun. Hamlet is able to commit the murder from farther away with a gun, creating a less hands-on image of murder and revenge. During Hamlet’s line regarding revealing Gertrude’s innermost part, instead of simply referencing a mirror, the audience sees Hamlet try to forcefully undress her. Where in Doran’s film this disrobing was entirely figurative, Branagh takes it more literally in the scene’s staging. For most of the scene, Hamlet and Gertrude are leaning towards each other as if it is a heated argument, rather than Hamlet
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
The Spanish eating, drinking and dancing culture steps up a gear (if that's possible), when there's a festival on. Every town or village has a local fiesta, at which point the locals don't just eat and drink because it's fun, they do so because it would be un-Spanish not to.
Janick. J. (2011). Center for New Crops & Plant Products - Department of Horticulture and
Inscribed on two stone tablets, The Ten Commandments, otherwise known as the Decalogue, are many things. There are multiple interpretations of them, but whether they are rules, instructions, or principles the Ten Commandments will always be the core of God’s law. God met Moses on top of Mount Sinai to deliver what would be one of the most important “documents” of all...
Asexual propagation is the process through which reproduction without passage through the seed cycle occurs. The advantages of asexual propagation are that it preserves genetic makeup, propagates seedless plants, disease control, rapid production, the plants are identical, cheaper, faster and easier reducing or avoiding juvenility. The disadvantages of asexual propagation are that it increases disease and insect susceptibility, plants are bulky, and the mother plants could become contaminated. The goal of this experiment was to determine the development of adventitious roots and shoots, and observe these plants over a period of five weeks. Due to auxin being produced in the tip, tip cuttings should root faster than any other cuttings. Auxin is a plant hormone that is responsible for cell elongation and enlargement, root formation, and growth. There are two forms of auxins; phototropism, which is produced in the tip and moves downward on the side away from the light and gravitropism, which is where plant roots grow downward and plant shoots grow upward.(Plant Auxin 201...