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Basic economic problem of the Philippines
Economic growth in the Philippines essay
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New Institutional Economics and the Philippines
New Institutional Economics offers a way to examine the dynamics of growth -particularly with an eye toward explaining the problems of slow growth in developing economies, where market systems may be presumed to be weak or incomplete. I will review these concepts within the framework of the Philippines, a sizable country with a rich and diverse set of resources, which however is not achieving significant growth.
At present the Philippines is in a depressed albeit not grim state. It remains firmly enmeshed in the World Banks lower middle income category of nations with a GDP per capita of $1,050 (U.S. 1998 Atlas method). 38% of the Philippines population is below the national poverty line. And it has one of the higher population growth rates in the region at 2.7% which will double the population within 30 years if continued1. Growth rate of GDP per capita in the period 1988 to 1998 was only 1.3%. Its total debt in 1998 was 73% of Gross Domestic Product and this is a growing percentage through the last decade. The overall story on exports is not clear, but traditional export products and categories (sugar, coconut oil /related products, rice, and timber) are not growing. Perhaps the most notable element is the degree to which it has not shared in regional growth. As noted by Yoshihara Kunio, relative per capita GNP between the Philippines and Thailand has reversed in the last 40 to 50 years (Yoshihara, 2). One reason for this is the tremendously damaging twenty year government of Ferdinand Marcos which among many other things left the county in an extremely indebted state at the onset of a world wide recession in the late 1980’s. A period of relative political instability follo...
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...ent of the New Institutional Economics.” Harriss 27-48.
-Toye, John “ the NIE and its Implications for Development Theory.” Harriss 49-70.
-Harriss-White, Barbara. “Maps & Lndscps: Grain Markets in S. Asia.” Harriss 87-108.
Kelly, Philip F. Landscapes of Globalization: Human Geographies of Economic Change in the Philippines. London/New York Routledge, 2000.
U.S. State Department. Background notes: Philippines, August 1999. Washington DC . http://www.state.gov/www/background_notes/Philippines
-1999 Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practice U. S. Dept. of State March 2000 (Philippines PDF ,obtained from internal link previous cite).
World Bank. Philippines at a glance (PDF). Washington D.C . http://worldbank.org/.
Yoshihara, Kunio. the Nation and Economic Growth: the Philippines and Thailand. Kuala Lumpur/Oxford: Oxford Univ Press, 1994.
...conomically beneficial trade and technology development. In this regard the Epilogue uses sound logic to plausibly answer the wealth question. On the other hand, Mr. Diamond uses the same "national competition" thesis to purport that Asia's large, centralized governments were conspicuously growth-inhibitive. This argument would not seem to pass muster given what we have learned about the role of governments. Professor Wright's slides state that "Centralization may limit predation and even allow for growth" as "centralized predation = incentives to maximize the haul " This clearly refutes Mr. Diamond's argument that centralized, monopolistic Asian governments impaired societal advances. Thus, Guns, Germs, and Steel can scantly explain why China and the Middle East remain emerging markets while Western and Northern Europe enjoy significantly larger national wealth.
The measure of growth is flawed, how countries see their growth is based on the consumption of their people. Many countries use the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as an indicator for growth, as defined in It’s All Connected, “(GDP) is a calculation of the total monetary value of goods and services produced annually in a country” (Wheeler 11). The...
Rowntree les, Martin Lewis, Marie Price, and William Wyckoff. Globalization and Diversity Geography of a Changing World. 4th ed. Pearson, 2013. Print.
Yves, B. (2000). The Economies of Transistion in Loas: From Socialism to ASEAN Integration. Northhampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
... Horrendously for Philippines and Hawaii, their resources and people are the target of western imperialism, capitalism, racism, industrialization, and military power in the name of ‘democracy’. Against their will, these people must endure imposed western ideology, and sacrifice their life in the fights for self-government. On the other hand, those who came armed with intentions would use any means possible to get what they came for. For some conniving characters seeking self-fortunes, and protecting their own interest, they walk a fine line of morality. Where they can not apply forces, propaganda is their powerful allied. This is an endless cycle of how empire rises and falls. What goes down in history for future generation is the doctrines of the why and the how to go about obtaining the resources that enable one nation to rise or fall.
Harold A. Crouch. 1985. Economic change social structure and political systems in Southeast Asia: Philippine development compared with the other Asian countries. Institute of southeast Asian studies
World Bank (2005). Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform. World Bank, Washington, DC.
Highly Asia (HPAEs) chose to trade policy, which has some similarities. What were the similarities?
Over the years, the Philippines has gone from being one of the richest countries in Asia to being one of the poorest. It has experienced growth and development since World War II. The current administration under President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is aiming for a more rapid growth in the coming years. In 2004, the Philippine economy grew by 6.1% surprising everyone. In 2005, the Philippine peso appreciated by 6%, the fastest in the Asian region for that year. At present, the administration is meeting its expected target growth and is continually looking positive for the future.
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.
Economic growth is the most effective instrument for reducing poverty and enhancing the quality of life in developing countries. The benefits brought about from economic growth is strong growth and business opportunities enhance incentives. This may lead to the rise of a strong and growing group of entrepreneurs, which should generate pressure for enhanced administration. Strong economic growth therefore advances human development, which in turn promotes economic growth. But, under different conditions, comparative rates of development can have altogether different consequences for neediness, the occupation prospects of poor people and more extensive pointers of human development. The extent to which growth decreases neediness depends on the extent to which the poor take an interest in the growth process and share in its returns (Riley, G.
The Philippines has long been a country with a struggling economy. Ever since World War II, they have struggled to have a steady government and labor system. Independence did not bring any social changes to the country. The hacienda system still persists in the country, where large estates are farmed by sharecroppers. More the half the population are peasants and 20 percent of the population owns 60 percent of the land. Although the sharecropper is supposed to receive half of the harvest, most of the peasant's actual income goes to paying off debts to the landowner. Poverty and conflict strained the industrial growth of the country with many Presidents trying to fix the problems, but failing to do so. Factors that have faced the country are there is almost 9 percent unemployment, and the country suffers from the consequences of a balance of trade deficit. With the resources that the Philippines have, they are capable of pulling themselves out of the economical hole they are in and being up to par with their successful neighboring countries.
Even though there’s no direct relationship between democracy and economic growth, CIPE (Centre for International Private Enterprise) elaborates upon how in the long term, democracy principles of redistribution of growth produce a stable and positive environment for innovation and investments that lead to prosperous economic growth. As most principles of democracy, this looks great on paper, but in reality, it’s catastrophic. After all, as explained by Professor Blair on the New York Times, democracy isn 't an economic system; it is a system of self-governance that has slowly been taken over by capitalism. For a democracy to deliver, a stronger union of people acting together for common causes and issues is necessary, not a union of corporate interests and endless economic growth at the expense of the people. Our inclusive democratic rule is a matter of capitalistic democracy played by the hands of massive corporates. This is not what a democratic nation should stand for. Let’s look at Asia’s two largest nations. In 1980, India and China were both in relative autarky. By 2007, India’s GDP had almost doubled, but China’s increased seven-fold. How could the largest autocratic nation is the world have a better-growing economy than one of the world’s leading democratic forces? In poor countries, democratic systems have failed in boosting economic growth over and over in countries like Venezuela. Even though the relationship between democracy and economic growth looks brilliant on paper, eventually, we have to let the numbers speak. Thailand, a nation of boasted educated middle class, one of the best-performing economies in the world, and a relatively robust civil society, was once a world economic leader and an example of social and industrial prosperity. Years after its democratizing, Thailand looks less like a success story and more like an example of how democracy can fail.
A. A. The Philippines People, Poverty and Politics. New York: The New York Times. St. Martins's P, 1987. 1-225.
All government’s ultimate goal is to maintain a strong and sustainable economy but there are so many factor to consider in making it work right. Economic is a complicated matter but is very important. The government is there to look after its people and one of their goal is to provide everyone a better/higher standard of living. In this report we would like to look at the Philippine economy using the concept of Inflation and will extend the report to the importance of GDP