Neurobiology of Human Sexuality
Human sexuality is a topic that has been taboo for many centuries. The orgasm, for example, is one aspect of sexuality that has been overlooked. In particular, the female orgasm is an important function to address because it's a subject that has been socially steeped in silence and shame, and is directly connected to female health in general. Not many people are willing to admit, that orgasms actually benefit a woman physically and psychologically in many ways (i.e. easing menstrual cramps to alleviate stress). One mystery about the female orgasm is why some women "fake" orgasms during sexual activity. One thing that is for sure, is that even though the male orgasm is reached quicker, the female orgasm is capable of repeated pleasure. Why do so many women have difficulty experiencing an orgasm and why do men climax so fast? Interestingly enough, most women will confess that their partners do not give them orgasm. Instead, they allow themselves to have orgasms. Not only that, but they can have a variety of different types of orgasms at the same time. (i.e. clitoral orgasms, G-spot orgasms, vaginal orgasms, ejaculatory orgasms, blended orgasms, etc). Men will comment for example, that the scent of a woman is what drives them crazy during sexual activity and makes them unable to hold the sensation for long. So do women have more control over physical pleasure in the brain than men? How do sexual problems happen in the brain?
There is a combination of things that come in effect when it comes to an orgasm in the brain. Neurotransmitters, and neuro-peptides for example, are heavily involved in the sexual response. To reach an orgasm, the central nervous system sends orders to the heart, so that it pumps faster, sending blood to oxygenate the increase of blood flow in muscles involved in sexual activity. Nitric oxide, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, are just a few of the neurotransmitters and neuro-peptides involved in sexual activity. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in both male and female sexuality. In penile erections, NO stimulates the release of guanylate cyclase, which, in turn, converts GTP to cGMP and produces relaxation of smooth muscles and increased blood flow into the penis. This information is used in the popular drug sildenafil (ViagraTM) that inhibits the metabolism of cGMP to prolong the effects of the erection. (1) Serotonin's role in sexual function is that of constriction of smooth muscles in the genitals, and peripheral nerve function.
Before the decision of Brown v. Board of Education, many people accepted school segregation and, in most of the southern states, required segregation. Schools during this time were supposed to uphold the “separate but equal” standard set during the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson; however, most, if not all, of the “black” schools were not comparable to the “white” schools. The resources the “white” schools had available definitely exceed the resources given to “black” schools not only in quantity, but also in quality. Brown v. Board of Education was not the first case that assaulted the public school segregation in the south. The title of the case was shortened from Oliver Brown ET. Al. v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. The official titled included reference to the other twelve cases that were started in the early 1950’s that came from South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware and the District of Columbia. The case carried Oliver Brown’s name because he was the only male parent fighting for integration. The case of Brown v. Board o...
“We conclude unanimously that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” (qtd. in Irons 163). Many African-Americans waited to hear this quote from Chief Justice Earl Warren after many years of fighting for better educational opportunities by means of school desegregation. African-Americans went through much anguish before the Brown v. Board of Education trial even took place, especially in the Deep South. Little did they know that what looked like the beginning of the end was just another battle in what seemed like an endless war. Brown v. Board of Education was an important battle won during the Civil Rights Movement; however, it did have a major drawback simply because no deadline existed, an issue that author James Baldwin grasped from the moment the decision was made. The South took full advantage of this major flaw and continued to keep its segregated schools with no intention of ever integrating.
In this article, Keesling also states that orgasms differ between both individuals of the same sex or of opposing genders. For instance, she believes that once each individual has gained a ful and thorough understanding of their own particular “physical and psychological intensity” they will each be able to reach untamable levels of excitement that they would have never before thought possible. or example, “when males reach orgasm they quickly ejaculate, ” when females reach orgasm some realize it and some just do not. Studies have shown that women could experience up to three different types of orgasm at a time but they each involve the stimulation of the clitoris which intern make the PC muscles spas out (concluded by Masters and Johnson).
The activation of men’s sexual organs would be androgen hormones. Androgens are a major contributor in male’s sexual hormones. Testosterone is the most commonly known active and abundant androgen hormone. Androsterone is an inactive androgen that is made by the metabolism of testosterone and is developed in the male testes. Androgens have the ability to influence several different actions and desires within men. Usually, androgens are known as the masculine hormones although they are also found in women as well. Although not an androgen, many studies observe cortisol along with androgens because cortisol is a response to stress, also known as the "get-up-and-go" hormone. It gives men bravery to overcome challenges to reach their goals. It appears that men pride themselves in having high levels of androgens because it makes a man, a “macho man.” But what happens to androgen levels when these masculine men are exposed to situations in which they are expected to act graciously? What happens to these levels when they are preforming a task that is thought of as un-masculine? For instance, do androgen hormones levels rise or fall when men are in a relationship or become fathers? It is hypothesized that androgen levels would be lower in men who are in a committed relationship and/or in men who are fathers. Perhaps this is caused by the stress obtained or lack thereof from being in a relationship or from being a father. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of stress on men and their androgen levels, determine how being in a committed relationship can effect androgen levels, determine whether or not sexual orientation is a factor in these effects, and lastly we will be looking at how being a father or desiring to be a father can effe...
The term sexual orientation is known as the preference of one’s sexual partners, whether the same sex, opposite sex, or both sexes. Sexual orientation occurs when a child reaches the adolescent stages in life (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015). Adolescents activate their sexual orientation within four steps that create their identity. Adolescents are unaware of their identity at the beginning stages of sexual orientation. They work their way into the exploration stage by learning their preference of sexual partners. Once they are aware of their sexual identity, they will start the process of acceptance. Once acceptance is achieved, they will begin to integrate their sexual orientation into their lives (Gallor & Fassinger, 2010).
Study of sex in the old age remains unresolved the world over. Sexuality among the elderly has
Patterson, James. “Brown v Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy (Pivotal Moments in American History).” Oxford University Press., 2001.
Sex is a very taboo topic for teenagers that is met with shyness, excitement, and a surge of hormones - it is no wonder that this novel experience is one that many risk-seeking, dopamine filled teenagers are drawn towards. Looking to research for explanation, Galván's paper details a monkey behavioral study done to parallel dopamine response in adolescents. The experiment showed a resounding conclusion that repeating the same reward again and again led to the dopamine response moving earlier in time towards the cue rather than to the reward itself, seemingly in anticipation. Additionally, these dopamine responses mapped on to faster reaction times in behavior. Relating this to adolescent sexual behaviors, then, it would seem that after multiple
...impact on an athlete’s life in a positive way and lead them in a successful direction, it all lies within their hands. A positive healthy relationship between a coach and a player is a key aspect for a successful coach.
Coaches of sports teams in actuality are much too strict on their athletes, one reason being they can get carried away and abuse their athletes. According to Dr. Alan Goldberg “Coaches forget that the game is for the kids, people nowadays just want to win rather the be a good coach and teach their athletes” (Dr. Alan Goldberg, 2018). A connection to this is about a coach at a local high school in Indiana. He has been bullying his athletes calling them stupid and lazy, once a pediatrician heard about this she went into a practice trying to talk to the coach. Within ten minutes she realized that it was the coach talking to her and she was on the defensive side. If she can't even get to the coach, how can the kids? This is when coaching crosses
The purpose of their study was to specifically examine the prevalence and motives of men faking orgasm, as this is a lesser known topic than women faking orgasm (Meuhlenhard & Shippee, 2010). They also wanted to examine what these reports may reveal about how faking orgasm is related to sexual scripts (Meuhlenhard & Shippee, 2010). Participants of the study were asked to complete a questionnaire about their sexual experiences and instances of faking orgasm. Results indicated that about half of women reported having faked orgasm while one quarter of men reported doing so (Meuhlenhard & Shippee, 2010). This finding supports the societal belief that women fake orgasm more than men do. But it is also important to examine the men who have reported faking orgasm and the motives and mechanism related to doing so. Alcohol consumption and intoxication is a commonly cited reason for faking orgasm during sexual experiences, and was found to be a greater reason in men than in women (Meuhlenhard & Shippee, 2010). This could be because alcohol prevented them from reaching orgasm or that they later regretted their choice in partner and were not attracted to them. One thing that was examined in this study which has not been acknowledged in any other studies is the behavioral aspect and faking orgasm and the different ways men achieve it through acting. Because male orgasm contains physical ejaculation, it is thought to be difficult to act out when it is not actually happening. Methods of faking orgasm in this study included bodily acting, vocal acting and verbal acting (Meuhlenhard & Shippee, 2010). Men reported more physical methods of acting such as thrusting faster while women reported more vocal methods of acting such as moaning (Meuhlenhard & Shippee, 2010). The myth that men always want sex and therefore should always perform well creates a pressure on men to orgasm during sexual
It is approached as the instincts section of the mind. It demands, needs of pleasure, and it avoids pain. One of the most common power that the of has is Eros, this motivates the brain to allow people think of the pleasurable seeking side of their minds (e.g. sexual behaviours). Sex is used in advertisements for example; it is used in majority of perfume/aftershave advertisements. The style of these adverts are toned down so that there is no actual activities within the advertisements but in some ways there are some indications that it 's leading up to
Educators are interested in the extent of Internet plagiarism, why some students plagiarize using the Internet, and what they can do to prevent students from cheating when they use online resources. I will attempt to address these concerns in this paper.
...nto penile tissue, both directly mediated by parasympathetic afferents. The dilation and relaxation of these areas cause the usually flaccid internal pudendal arteries to fill with blood while venous output is remains constant, resulting in more blood entering the penis than leaves it. This rising pressure causes the penis to enlarge and extend, with the erection maintained by the bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles.
The most sensitive factor was that of apprehension, but in predictor variables, the self-rated importance of sex to the patient and the perceived importance of sex to the partner were strongly related to the affective factors (Burnett, Lechner, & Rowland, 2012), thus showing the importance of self and partner expectations of sex towards sexual dysfunction. Another similar study investigated if there was a relationship or a correlation between perceived prevalence of sexual dysfunction and definition and prevalence of sexual function and satisfaction (Chang, Gorzalka, & Klein, 2013). Therefore, not only dysfunctional beliefs regarding sexual functioning, but also perceived prevalence of sexual dysfunction and the definition can lead to sexual difficulties for women. However, the study did not show any significant relationship between these factors and the sexual functioning of