Switching & Routing
The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of switching and routing used in a network environment and familiarize the reader with various hardware and software associated with there functions. This paper will look at some switching concepts that will include store and forward switching, cut through switching, fragment free switching, and V-Lan. This paper will also cover routing concepts, along with some comparisons including routed vs. routing protocols, Classful vs. classless protocols, and distance vector vs. link state protocols.
Switching
The definition of a switch or network switch is a small device that joins multiple computers together, working on layer two of the OSI, to form a local area network or LAN. Network switches are also known as smart hubs. Rather than simply dispersing the data evenly across a network the switch actually inspects the data packets for destination information, and then forwards the data to a specific location. By forwarding the data to its intended location bandwidth on the network is better controlled (Mitchell, 1999).
Store-and-Forward switching refers to a switching method that, after inspection, stores data packets for delivery. The data is received from the sender and passes a cyclic redundancy check along with a check to be sure it fits the required size limitations. After inspection and the check for errors the data is stored or held in physical storage until network availability allows the data to be sent to its destination (Cisco Systems, 2008).
Cut-through switching is a method of switching which uses only the destination information to switch data packets to a specific destination or destination segment. Although previous store-and-forward...
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When controlling communications of multiple devices are outlined on defined procedures. Arbitration structures are essential in the control of the bus communications in the presence of multiple devices.
When using routers, you need many routers in order to route the information to the correct location, as one router will not be able to manage this task. Explain how the routing schemes handle this problem.
After compression, the structure data, audio and video must be multiplexed. A number of compressed TV signals are combined by a multiplexer and put unto a shared transition medium. This is done by one of the two possible kinds of multiplexers that result in either a transport or a program stream, which is suited for secure transmission paths since it can contain large amounts of information. In addition multiplexing can be done using various methods. Time division multiplexing allocates a distinct time interval for each channel in a set; with the help of synchronization and a fixed interval order the channels take turns using the common line.
The first is called store to forward, which is used transferring digital images from one location to another (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2013, p. 157).
Switches operate within the OSI’s layer 2. This is known as the data link layer. The data link layer is responsible for the transfer of data frames from node to node across OSI’s layer one, the physical layer. This allows layers in the upper levels to have transmissions with error checking processes. The data link layer has several responsibilities of its function in the OSI model. The first is link establishment and termination which is where, between two separate nodes, it establishes and terminates the links that connect the two. Layer two also provides traffic control for the frames in transmission.
The system chosen to replace the legacy PBX switching system will be the NEC’s NEAX 2000 IPS. The headquarters of ACME Electronics is spread between four buildings. The NEC NEAX 2000 IPS supports distributed processor architecture. This means that the processing requirements of the system are shared between more than processor. This allows for faster response times and redundant operation. If one processor fails, the other can take over. Two of the four buildings are equipped with 1 Pentium 200 MHz Processor dedicated to the inter-communications system.
Troubleshooting media problems on a bus networks can be very tedious, since a break in the backbone will bring down the entire LAN. For this reason, bus topology is not considered one of the more robust network topologies, compared with star or mesh. A loose or missing terminating resistor can also bring down a LAN.
In this modernize world, internet and network are very vital and important not only for individuals but also for companies, organization, institution, etc. Because of this, it is very important to make use of as many network devices available. We need to study more or at least to have a glimpse of information about the networking devices before we choose or start using it. There are many networking device out there that able for us to study but the chosen device for this report are hub, switch, router and repeater.
In order for information to pass fro one information system to another information system outside its local area it must be routed. In the below table is an illustration of a the route a data packet takes between my computer and the Web Server for Macon State College.
In packet switching the data which is to be transmitted is divided into the packets. In this switching the communication path is not dedicated to one communication party but one path or link is used by the packets from different parties. During transmission the packet finds the path to the destination. The paths for the transmission are not defined from the source and they are decided when the packet has reached a certain node. The packet contains the header that carries all the information about the IP addresses of the source and the destination. With the help of this information the switches and the routers in the paths decides which hops are used to reach the specific destination.
Local Area Networks also called LANs have been a major player in industrialization of computers. In the past 20 or so years the worlds industry has be invaded with new computer technology. It has made such an impact on the way we do business that it has become essential with an ever-growing need for improvement. LANs give an employer the ability to share information between computers with a simple relatively inexpensive system of network cards and software. It also lets the user or users share hardware such as Printers and scanners. The speed of access between the computers is lighting fast because the data has a short distance to cover. In most cases a LAN only occupies one or a group of buildings located next to each other. For larger area need there are several other types of networks such as the Internet.
A network computer or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices transmit data to each other using data connections. These connections are established with nodes using either cable or through wireless media. The most famous and interesting computer network is the internet network. There are many types of computer networks, local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WAN) campus area networks ( containers ) metropolitan area network MAN ) and home area networks (HANs). With massive uprising in pc’s in the early eighties, the LAN system expanded rapidly. The LAN system on a workstation can be functioned via a short networking cable. LANs consist of computer units linked to a control computer called server. Network technology is the way by which the numerous stations are linked with one another. LAN can be linked to greater networks including mainframe. This provides LAN users with the access to enormous computing power and excellent communication facilities. Computerization in the banking system is the best example of the network LAN.
When electronic devices transfer information to another electronic device, the devices need to know when data flow is beginning and ending. This is done with signals for synchronization.i
TCP/IP is a network model which enables the communication across the Internet. The most fundamental protocol on which the Internet is built. This is made up of the 2 common networking protocols, TCP, for Transmission Control Protocol, and IP, for Internet Protocol. TCP maintains and handles packet flow linking the systems and IP protocol has the ability to handle the routing of packets. However The TCP/IP stack consists of 5 layers first being application layer, the transport layer, then the network layer, the link layer and finally the physical layer. The assignment focuses on the three middle layers and is divided into five parts. Firstly explaining how the TCP and UDP the most vital protocols needed to deliver and communicate.
Bus topology refers to a local area network (LAN) arrangement where each node or device is connected to a main cable or link called a bus. A bus network is simple yet very reliable. Since nodes themselves are not relied upon for communication, the failure of a single node is not problematic for the rest of the network. For a major issue to occur, there must be a problem with the bus itself.