In recent years, network coding [1], [2] has been considered as an auspicious information network paradigm for augmenting the throughput of multiple unicast networks [5]. The pioneering researches of network coding were undertaken by R. Ahlswede, N. Cai, S.-Y.R. Li and R.W. Yeung. Their discovery, which was first introduced in [1][2], are considered to be the crucial breakthrough in modern information theory and the time of its appearance, is recognized as the beginning of a new theory-Network Coding theory. In these elegant, succinct articles, within the purview of rigorous mathematics, the glimmering of an optimal network protocol for multiple unicast network was introduced in which the key idea is considering digital information as wave [riis].
This contention is an advantage in information theory since it fully distinguishes between digital information and ordinary commodities [riis, max Equational logic] which, in follows, can be used for boosting throughput, scalability and efficiency of information networks.[]
In [6] and a numerous other papers, for instances [14], [3], [18], [8], the wave paradigm of information flow was explained and can be illustrated by the following exempli gratia which known as the butterfly network problem.
Figure 1
Suppose that the messages x has to be transmitted from node i1 to node o1 and message y must be delivered from node i1 to node o2 in the butterfly network. The messages x and y are considered as characters selected from a finite set of alphabet named A. The alphabet characters set A are assumed to be a finite field, which means that the outcome of any finite arithmetic on a finite numbers of elements remains in that field, e.g. if x, y A then x y A.
For each information chann...
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...radigm. In fact, super-positioning of signals (described above) represents an important type of Network Coding we will refer to as Linear Network Coding (see also [15]). Although Linear Network Coding represents a very important subclass of Network Coding, in general Network Coding involves methods that go beyond linear Network Coding. Certain network problems have no linear solutions, but require the application of non-linear boolean functions [18], [8]. Non-Linear Network Coding has no obvious physical analogue. Rather general Network Coding represents a paradigm of information flow based on a mathematical model where 'every thing goes'. In this model there are no apriory restrictions on how information is treated. Thus in Network Coding, packets might be copied, opened and mixed. Sets of packets might be subject to highly complex non-linear boolean transformations.
Mill, J. S. (2000). System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
COMP09022 Network Design BSc COMPUTER NETWORKING COMP09022 ICMPv6 Prepared by B00270675 13-03- 2015 WORD COUNT (0000) TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………….. 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT……………………. 3 TABLE OF FEATURES.......................................................4
Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC-98), pages 151--160, New York, May 23--26
Morse code and the telegraph were ingenious yet simple. Operators used a simple method of dots and dashes for letters and numbers. When the Morse Key was pressed the electric circuit was open and when released the electric circuit was closed. The electrical current traveled through the wire to a printer device that printed a tape of the code message which an operator would translate. This simple solution to communicating long distance has improved and evolved into a newer technology, the packet switch. The single signal wire has evolved into fiber optics. Communicating one at a time has evolved into mass communication.
Messages distributed by institutions such as the media have the potential to reach very large and anonymous audiences in a process called mass communication. In the movie Super Size Me, Morgan Spurlock documents a month of eating McDonald's, only to prove how food media affects the way Americans are living extremely unhealthy lives. According to The Mediated Communication Process (modified Westley-MacLean model) communication starts with an event, which in this case is the two teenage girls that decided to sue McDonald's for their obesity, then there are sources, a message, a communicator, another message and then the audience.
33 Barabási, A. L., 2002 Linked: The New Science of Networks, Cambridge, MA, Perseus Publishing pp 8-9
1) Irving M. Copi & Carl Cohen. (1998). Introduction to Logic Tenth Edition. Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc Simon & Schuster/A Viacom Company Upper
Because of the unavailability of quantum hardware, the network cannot be tested but we can simulate the network on a classical computer. 1.4 Summary and Discussion Provide a summary and discuss what you have understood. summarize the main points and also mention if have found some subtopics dicult. Bibliography [1] A. Narayanan, T. Menneer, Information Sciences 128 (2000) 231-255
Griffin, E., Ledbetter, A., & Sparks, G. (2015). A first look at communication theory. New York:
Perhaps the most redundant, fault-tolerant of all network topologies is the mesh LAN. Each node is connected to every other node for a true point-to-point connection between every device on the network.
The World Wide Web can be considered as a system with huge distributed information which provides access to shared data objects. In recent past years there have been exponential growth in size of WWW, which causes network congestion. There are discrete natures World Wide Web documents with the help of which everyone can find information according to their liking. But, this huge rate of growth has put a heavy load on the Internet communication channels
Local Area Networks also called LANs have been a major player in industrialization of computers. In the past 20 or so years the worlds industry has be invaded with new computer technology. It has made such an impact on the way we do business that it has become essential with an ever-growing need for improvement. LANs give an employer the ability to share information between computers with a simple relatively inexpensive system of network cards and software. It also lets the user or users share hardware such as Printers and scanners. The speed of access between the computers is lighting fast because the data has a short distance to cover. In most cases a LAN only occupies one or a group of buildings located next to each other. For larger area need there are several other types of networks such as the Internet.
In order to define and establish what graph theory is, we must first make note of its origin and its basis within the broad subject of mathematics. Graph theory, a smaller branch in a large class of mathematics known as combinatorics, which defined by Jacob Fox as, “is the study of finite or countable discrete structures.” Areas of study in combinatorics include enumerative combinatorics, combinatorial design, extremal combinatorics, and algebraic combinatorics. These subfields consist of the counting of mathematical structures, the constructing and analyzing structures, the discovering “extreme” or “optimal” structures, and the studying of combinatorial structures in the algebraic context. These examples only portray a general sense of combinatorics, just to give a rough idea of what this branch of mathematics covers.
Computers in technological development demand more efficient networking. In a very short period it has changed the way we have looked at things since centuries. It is one industry that is going to shape our future for centuries to come Coming from a background of Electronics and Communication Engineering, I have developed an interest to probe into the area of Networking and Computer Networks. Hence I wish to do Masters in Computer Science (CS) as my major.
Hollows, P 2002, 'Essentials of a smooth-running network', Communications News, vol. 39, no. 7, p. 16.