Sabrina Zapata
Effects and reactions of globalization: are alternatives to neo-liberal globalization possible?
Since the 1400’s civilizations have interacted with one another through trade: exchanging goods for other goods. According to Richard Robbins, China was the most technologically advanced country in the world during that time. China’s primary exports consisted of silk, spices, and porcelain that were all highly demanded goods. As countries began trading in larger amounts with expanding markets they gave rise to the advent of capitalism as well as globalization. Capitalism, according to Robbins “[involves] purchasing and combining the means of production and labor power to produce commodities.”(Robbins, p. 76)
For capitalism to generate wealth for the overall economy, it must first cut “the tie between producers and the means of production…peasants must lose control of their land, artisans control of their tools”(Robbins, p. 76) Since “workers have no means of production of their own, they are forced, on pain of starvation, to provide their labor to capitalists in exchange for a wage with which to acquire necessities of life on the market.”(Robinson, p. 6) Even the rudimentary form of capitalism worked to the owners of production’s advantage¬, making them ever more wealthy at the expense of the working class citizens. Capitalist expansion and perpetual growth can continue so long as there is a ready supply of raw materials and an increasing demand for goods, along with ways to invest profits and capital.
Globalization intensifies the effects of capitalism, which gives capitalists cheap labor and new markets to gain profit from. Globalization, as defined by Pieterse “refers to all those processes by which the peoples of ...
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...he alternatives to neoliberal globalization even more accessible. During the conference ideas can be spread amongst those interested in making changes to our current rule. The gathering would still be a bottom-up approach, however, it would have a solid platform from which to organize and solidify goals and strategies in a formal setting. Peter Evans would probably view this approach as one that can evoke change and offer an alternative to neoliberal globalization. Evans and Stiglitz’s suggestions would act as a reference for policy changes towards an equitable rule in favor of all participants in society. An alternative is indeed possible if the proper measures are taken and efforts are organized in a convincing manner. This process might take years before changes at the government level are made, however, those in favor of change should not be dissuaded.
The term globalization varies from person to person. A consumer typically associates globalization with a store producing more goods, stocking inventory, and updating their styles, however; an anthropological definition of globalization is, “the worldwide intensification of interactions and increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders,” (Guest, 19). Globalization of the clothing industry is about the “search of cheap, reliable labor to meet the industry’s tight margins,” (Timmerman 7). Timmerman suggests that globalization change our lives and can be for the good or for the bad (8). Globalization is often viewed as a mutual and beneficial process for those involved, because it is perceived as helping those out who are in poverty get a job and make money for their families.
When one gets down to the roots of capitalism you find that it is a form of government that allows the rich to get richer, the poor, poorer and the middle class to stay the same. Karl Marx wrote a book, Kapital about the what capitalism does to the people in a society, how it takes the humainty out of being and replaces it with x. Not only does it do that but it creates a chain of commodities, fetishisis, and alienation within a society.
Capital can not be increased without exploiting the people who work hard. The capitalist system is a social structure emerging from the basic of the exploitative relationship. The capitalists are people who live on their capital gains, and they are the inheritors of the exploitation of the proletariat.
All of these components contribute to the existence and survival of capitalism. Centralization of wealth has its roots in the feudal system. Throughout history, there have been various relationships consisting of the oppressed and the oppressors. One of these arrangements is the relationship between serfs and lords. In Chapter 26 of Capital I, Marx says that the current economic structure of capitalist society has grown out of the economic structure of feudal society” (Marx 2).
Globalization is a series of social, economical, technological, cultural, and political changes that promote interdependence and growth. Globalization raises the standard of living in developing countries, spreads technological knowledge, and increases political liberation. (Harris 5-23) The main cause of globalization is influence from other, more developed, countries. Globalization is a historical process that results from human innovation and technological progress. The social effects of globalization are clearly illustrated in Peru. Once a third-world country filled with poverty and oppression, Peru is now transitioning into a developed nation. In Peru, globalization has raised the human development index, empowered women, and created a stronger country. (Leon 90-91)
Capitalism has widely been regarded as one of the most advanced intellectual achievements of the past few centuries. However, a system which is largely credited for alleviating “human misery” is actually perpetuating it (Goldberg, 6). Capitalism inherently fuels inequality leading to poverty among the powerless. Jonah Goldberg in his article, Capitalism Has Lifted Billions Out of Poverty, attributed the economic theory to ending poverty, but failed to recognize that capitalism’s lofty goals are merely fulfilled on paper. Equal opportunity must exist for capitalism to end human misery, however the stratification of society ensures that no individual has equal access to the keys of capitalist success.
The bourgeoisie (rich/owners class), by rapid improvement of production instruments and by powerful means of communication, drew all, even the most underdeveloped nations, into civilization through production. Their fast development and ability in many cases to exploit the worker allowed them to get a foothold in the market. So capitalism evolved into globalization. This is the major reason why all other systems, communism included, found themselves chasing the idea of wealth through production.
To begin, this critical response paper will provide a detailed explanation for the significant merit of globalization in context with work or services implementing the dominant western society of the world from other countries that have fewer resources compared to the first world countries. According to Ravelli and Webber (2015) in the textbook “Exploring Sociology,” Globalization initially emerged from Europe when the booming economic industries prepared colonies to transport cheap materials from global south countries to incorporate them with their own resources. This is known as eurocentrism and the help of European globalization has affected the working class or the bourgeois class in the entire world. Furthermore, globalization refers
The bourgeoisie “has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society” (Marx and Engels, 1848). The bourgeoisie or capitalists are those who purchase and often exploit labour power in order to maximise their surplus value. The b...
Capitalist is divided into two classes such as the bourgeoises (the ruling class) and the proletariat. The bourgeoises which own the means of production such as land whereas the proletariats the working class don't have any land or much of a wage and therefore, sell their ability to the capitalism for a living and a wage. This essay will explore why capitalist is the best possible economic model we have today. Capitalist is the best possible economic model we have today because of the economic freedom which helps the political freedom we have today as if the government owns the means of production and set prices of commodities, land etc. As it is invariably which leads to a more powerful and stronger state which creates a large bureaucracy and benefits the state.
(Bilton et al 1996:5) The process of globalization has certainly had many changing effects to the world we live in; it has also changed the way many factors operate. Globalization is said "to have transformed the structure and scale of human relationships that social, cultural, political, and economic processes now operate at a global scale with a consequent reduction in the significance of other geographical scales. "(The Dictionary of human geography 2004:315) Globalization has had both positive and negative effects on a local, national, international and global level. Globalization often brings benefits at one level which cause negative effects at another, these results and the scale at which they manifest are often uncertain and unpredictable.
Capitalism dominates the world today. Known as a system to create wealth, capitalism’s main purpose is to increase profits through land, labor and free market. It is a replacement of feudalism and slavery. It promises to provide equality and increases living standards through equal exchanges, technological innovations and mass productions. However, taking a look at the global economy today, one can clearly see the disparity between developed and developing countries, and the persistence of poverty throughout the world despite the existence of abundant wealth. This modern issue was predicted and explained a hundred and fifty years ago in Karl Marx’s Capital.
Globalization refers to the absence of barriers that every country had. Yes, it has helped to demolish the walls that separated us .Globalization, which is the process of growing interdependence among every country in this planet, can be seen as a sign of hopeful and better future by some, but for others it represents a huge disaster for the whole world. That’s why we are going to see the negative effect that globalization has on culture then focus on the ethical disadvantage it brought, to finally talk about the damage it did to skilled workers.
Globalization is defined as “the historical process involving a fundamental shift or transformation in the spatial scale of human social organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across regions and continents (Baylis, 2014).”
Globalization’s history is extremely diversified and began during the beginning of civilization. Now we live in a world that is constantly evolving, demanding people to use resources in locations that are very difficult to obtain certain resources. This could make it completely impossible to operate in these specific parts of the world. However, globalization allows people across the world to acquire much needed resources. Globalization creates the opportunity for businesses to take advantage and exploit the ability to take part of their business to a different country. Nevertheless, globalization is part of today’s society and will be involved in virtually all situations.