Through Pearl’s, Hester Prynne’s, and Arthur Dimmesdale’s interactions with nature in The Scarlet Letter, author Nathaniel Hawthorne concedes that the Transcendental belief in the connection between man and nature exists and hints at one’s spiritual purity, but he adds that the connections between man and nature sometimes results in aiding the sinner on the path of attaining salvation and in the individual gaining wisdom and compassion, while other times the sinner receives corrupt knowledge leading to weakness and eventual destruction, death, and damnation. Therefore, sin’s consequences present a paradox because the channeling of sin to salvation results in wisdom, compassion, and strength; conversely, sin can also lead to suffering and eventual destruction, death, and damnation.
Through Pearl’s interaction with nature, Hawthorne depicts how the Transcendental connection between man and nature hints at one’s spiritual purity and whether one will attain salvation, while also illustrating that if on the path to salvation, individuals garner wisdom, strength, and compassion, one side of sin’s paradox. In “A Forest Walk”, Hester attempts to grab sunshine, but “the sunshine vanished” (Hawthorne 144). Yet, the sunshine flees not from Pearl but rather becomes “glad of such a playmate” (Hawthorne 144) because as Ralph Waldo Emerson writes in “Nature”, “The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child” (Emerson). In this case, Hawthorne undeniably espouses this view brought forth by Emerson and the Transcendentalists because Pearl, nothing “but a child” (Hawthorne 144) embodies and takes in the sunshine. In fact, Marjorie J. Elder recognizes this notion saying that the “sunshine sympathizes ...
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...of attaining salvation and in the individual gaining wisdom and compassion, while other times the sinner receives corrupt knowledge leading to weakness and eventual destruction, death, and damnation.
Works Cited
Cirlot, J. E. "Sun." A Dictionary of Symbols. Trans. Jack Sage. 2nd ed. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002. 317-20. Print.
Elder, Marjorie J. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Transcendental Symbolist. Ohio UP, 1969. Print.
Emerson, Ralph W. “Nature.” Boston, 1849. Project Gutenberg. Web. 2 April 11.
Grodzins, Dean D. "Nature." Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism. Ed. Wesley T. Mott. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. 132-34. Print.
Gura, Philip F. American Transcendentalism: a History. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007. Print.
Samson, M. D. "Landscape Aesthetics." Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism. Ed. Wesley T. Mott. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. 97-99. Print.
The beauty and serenity of nature is a key viewpoint in the transcendentalist philosophy and Finding
4) Marshall, William. From A Review of the Landscape, a Didactic Poem, 1795. in The Sublime: A Reader in British 18th Century Aesthetic Theory. Ed. Ashfield, Andrew and de Bolla, Peter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Through the use of numerous symbols, Nathanial Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter serves as an allegory for the story of Adam and Eve and its relation to sin, knowledge, and the human condition that is present in human society. Curious for the knowledge of good and evil, Adam and Eve sinned in the Garden of Eden, which resulted in the revelation of their “humanness” and expulsion from the “divine garden” as they then suffered the pain and joy of being humans. Just as Adam and Eve were expelled from their society and suffered in their own being, so were Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter. Hester was out casted and shunned, while Dimmesdale suffered under his own guilt. After knowledge of her affair is made known, Hester is forced to wear a scarlet letter “A” on her chest to symbolize her crime of adultery, and is separated from the Puritan society. Another “A” appears in the story, and is not embroidered, but instead scarred on Dimmesdale’s chest as a symbol of guilt and suffering. Hester’s symbol of guilt comes in the form of her daughter, Pearl, who is the manifestation of her adultery, and also the living version of her scarlet letter. Each of these symbols come together to represent that with sin comes personal growth and advancement of oneself in society as the sinner endures the good and bad consequences.
In Nathaniel Hawthorne's classic The Scarlet Letter, nature plays a very important and symbolic role. Hawthorne uses nature to convey the mood of a scene, to describe characters, and to link the natural elements with human nature. Many of the passages that have to do with nature accomplish more than one of these ideas. All throughout the book, nature is incorporated into the story line. The deep symbolism conveyed by certain aspects of nature helps the reader gain a deeper understanding of the plight and inner emotions of the characters in the novel.
Hawthorne flirts with many forms of symbolism through nature, including the innocence and joy sunlight brings, to the fear and guilt of the graveyard weed. Throughout the book, Hawthorne associates Pearl’s childlike wonder with bright scenes and dancing sunlight. A passage with reference to sunlight seldom exists in the absence of Pearl. The reason for this must be that sunlight represents a child’s unadulterated soul and
Guilt, shame, and penitence are just a few of the emotions that are often associated with a great act of sin. Mr. Arthur Dimmesdale, a highly respected minister of a 17th century Puritan community, is true example of this as he was somehow affected by all of these emotions after committing adultery. Due to the seven years of torturous internal struggle that finally resulted in his untimely death, Mr. Dimmesdale is the character who suffered the most throughout Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Mr. Dimmesdale’s ever present guilt and boundless penance cause him an ongoing mental struggle of remorse and his conscience as well as deep physical pain from deprivation and self inflicted wounds. The external influence of the members of his society
In the novel The Scarlet Letter and the short story “The Minister’s Black Veil”, Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporates romantic elements, such as beauty, truth, innocence, and sin, in his criticism of Puritan societies. In both texts, Hawthorne argues that all people, even those in strictly religious societies with corrupted standards, are capable of sin. Hawthorne uses symbolism and light and dark imagery to convey his argument.
Nathanial Hawthorne, an American author during the 19th century witnessed the power of sin to wreak havoc not only to an individual but a whole community. His novel The Scarlet Letter expresses this very idea by exposing the follies of mankind and the potentially detrimental effects of sin trough Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth who all affected by sin in different ways. Utilizing powerful symbols and light/dark imagery, Hawthorne conveys to the readers, through these characters, the power of how one’s response to sin can positively change an individual or gradually destroy one by spreading like a contagious disease and ultimately consuming the victim.
Transcendentalism is a religious, philosophical, literary, and social movement of the nineteenth century. Essentially, this movement was based upon the ideals of the “sixth sense,” nature, and non-conformity, as well as individualism, intuition, idealism, imagination, and inspiration. A few of the works and writings featured in the transcendental unit include Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, The Beatification of Chris McCandless: From Thieving Poacher into Saint by Craig Medred, and Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The primary focus of this essay is to provide an opinion on a strikingly debatable topic; Whether or not Christopher McCandless, hero of Krakauer’s Into the Wild, was a true transcendentalist. Despite the bold actions of Chris McCandless on his daring Alaskan odyssey, he turned out to be far from a true transcendentalist, failing to meet the definition of transcendentalism, being solely concerned with himself, and acting out of revenge rather than seeking self discovery - nothing more than a childish suicidal rebel.
“The integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects… in the tranquil landscape, and especially in the distant line of the horizon, man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature” (Emerson). Rather than providing a technical, concrete definition of nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson brings a fresh take to how nature is defined. In fact, other authors and individuals have shaped their own definition of nature: what they believe it possesses in addition to what it encompasses. This theme has been widely discussed, with a peak in the nineteenth century. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are responsible for the fixation of nature in literature, and Christopher McCandless plus Cheryl Strayed are answerable for bringing that fixation into a more recent time period. Nature was and is a prevalent theme in literature and society; however, every individual views it differently. While Emerson, Thoreau, McCandless, and Strayed all took similar approaches in interacting with nature, they differ in their belief of what nature offers individuals.
In Nathaniel Hawthorne's work, The Scarlet Letter, nature plays a very symbolic role. Throughout the book, nature is incorporated into the story line. One example of this is with the character of Pearl. Pearl is very different than all the other characters due to her special relationship with Nature. Hawthorne personifies Nature as sympathetic towards sins against the puritan way of life. Hester's sin causes Nature to accept Pearl.
In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, nature and Pearl are depicted as innocence and evil. Hester brings her daughter, Pearl, to live in the forest because they are not accepted by society due to the Scarlet letter. The relationship between these two is Pearl creates a bond with nature mentally since society rejects her as a product of sin. Nature is viewed in the eyes of a Puritan as a place where witches live to perform witchcraft and where darkness inhabits. However, the relationship between nature and Pearl gives her freedom and growth.
The main concept which permeates the writing of Ralph Waldo Emerson is that “the fundamental context of our lives is nature” (Richardson, Jr., Emerson and Nature 97). Emerson presents his theory of nature and its relation to man in three essays spanning almost a decade: Nature (1836), “The Method of Nature” (1841) and “Nature” (1844). There are many common threads connecting these works. One of the most notable is Emerson’s belief in the interconnection between all things – between all natural phenomena as well as between nature and the soul. Also, there exists behind and beyond Nature a Spirit from which all things originate. It is the invisible which gives rise to the visible and embodies truth and beauty. Bringing these two ideas together, Emerson shows how it is possible for man to access this unseen world through nature by using the faculties Nature has bestowed upon him. However, during the years spanning the production of these works, Emerson’s conception of nature changes. The result is three distinctive theories of nature which shift in tone from Nature’s idealism, to the disillusionment of “The Method of Nature”, to the pragmatism of “Nature”. With each piece, Emerson is asking different questions which illustrate the fundamental ways in which his characterizations of nature have been altered.
In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, the reader is able to observe how one sin devastates three lives. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth are all guilty of succumbing to temptation, anger, and desire, causing all to fit the definition of a sinner. Yet, Chillingworth's iniquities raise him up above Hester and Dimmesdale on the level of diabolic acts.
... of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child” (Emerson, pg. 510).Such imagery allows the man to understand that nature is more than a collection of integrated objects. Moreover, to appreciate nature, a man has to free his mind from society’s distractions and to see nature through the eyes of a child. Children are inexperienced and will not reminisce past events while observing nature. Seeing this world through a child’s eyes gives the world more meaning and value.