Abst
5.2 WATER DISCAHRGE
The monthly and seasonally hydrographs were analyzed and summarized, and results are tabulate in (Table 1 and Table 2) and presented in (Fig.3 and Fig. 4).The watershed discharge of water of annual hydrograph at the average rate of (373.91 l/s/km2).The minimum water discharge by watershed (11.06 l/s/km2) in the month of December followed by (11.89 l/s/km2) in February and (11.95 l/s/km2) in the month of January. August is the month of peak water discharge at average rate of (83.82 l/s/km2) and the month of July is the second peak discharge at the average rate of (80.21 l/s/km2). Seasonally hydrograph resulted (Table 2) that the watershed has capacity to generate maximum flood during in rainy season at the rate (62.86 l/s/km2) of 67.60% having wide variations depending upon the seasonal and ecological conditions as comparison to winter and summer seasons at the rate of (11.70 l/s/km2) 12.28% and (18.86 l/s/km2) 20.12% respectively.
5.3 SEDIMENTS BUDGET
The daily, weekly and monthly suspended and dissolved load data has been collected and measured, deposited bed load data was collected in rainy seasons only, during the study period, and it was summarized in tables and presented in figures.
5.2.1 SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
The average suspended sediment is shown in (Table-3) and represented in (Fig.-5). It reveals that annual average suspended sediment was calculated (1081.25 t/km2/y). Out of which about (332.71t/km2/y), (30.77%) was calculated in the month of August followed by the month of July was recorded maximum (279.48t/km2/y), (25.85%). And minimum recorded months were February & March i.e. (6.12t/km2/y), (0.57%) and (6.89t/km2/y), (0.64%) respectively. The three years annual average seasonal suspended...
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Case study: the flooding that occurred in Minden Hills in the spring of 2013, flooded the downtown core. The picturesque cottage town has the Gull River flowing through it. The river overflowed in April because of many reasons: a couple of days of rain, the third largest amount in over a century, but it also happened because the frost in the ground stopped the water from going into the Earth, the lakes and rivers being full from the spring thaw, and the rapid
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The Franciscan Terrane of central California represents an accretionary complex formed by long-term subduction of an oceanic plate under the Western margin of the North American craton. The Franciscan complex is composed of three distinguishable belts: the eastern belt (Yolla Bolly and Pickett Peak terranes), the central belt, and the coastal belt. Age and metamorphic grade of the belts decreases to the west (Blake and Jones, 1981). Formation of the accretionary complex began during the late Jurassic in the eastern belt and has continued into the Miocene along the western coastal belt. The complex trends NNW and is bounded by the San Andreas Fault to the east and by the coastal range fault to the west. The coast range fault separates the Franciscan complex with the partly coeval Great Valley sequence. Debate exists over the tectonic evolution of the Franciscan, centered around the geographic origin of the Franciscan rock units.
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Glaciers are an integral part of the world’s climate. In fact, as Richard Armstrong of the University of Colorado says, “Glaciers are key indicators in monitoring and detecting climate change” (Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, 2003, p. 1). Not only are they an important part of monitoring current climate, they can hold many keys to the past. Glaciers are in fact, “a source of paleoclimate data…” (Meier and Dyurgerov, 1980, p. 37). This paleoclimate data can give geologists information on the conditions that were present at the time of the glaciers birth, as well as the approximate age. This has an important role in the geologic time scale of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. These Glaciers played a role in the carving of the present day Rocky Mountains in Colorado, which will be the primary focus of this paper. In addition, glacial formations will be discussed to give the reader background information and the future of the Glaciers in Colorado will close this paper.
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The rainfall in the Napa valley varies with elevation, from 25 to 55 inches per year with the larger rainfall coming from the north end of the valley. Snow falls occasionally on both Mount Veeder to the south and Mount Saint Helena to the north. The surface runoff increases with intensified land use, for example the largest runoffs occur within the populated city area where there are many streets, roofs and parking lots. The channel flow of the valley leads to the Napa River, which is fed by the streams, creeks and runoff. The annual water flow in the Napa River varies from near zero to over 400,000 acre feet. The natural ground water in th...
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Hydrometer test is needed as more than 10 % of soil sample passes the 63 µ m sieve (BS 1377-2:1990). It covers the quantitative determination of the particle size distribution in a soil from coarse sand size to clay size. Particles settle under gravity during testing (Head, 1984). The results of hydrometer analysis can be referred to Appendix C1. The calibrations which used in the hydrometer analysis and water viscosity are shown in Appendix C2 and Appendix C3.