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A thesis on aboriginal culture in australia
Australian aborigines essay
A thesis on aboriginal culture in australia
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The concept of 'Australian-ness' had began its construction from before the English even reached Australia. Then as now Australia was seen as the land of opportunity. A new land with no history or system (Aboriginal society didn't exist to the British), waiting to be carved out and shaped by the new arrivals. From the beginning of the history of post-colonised Australia, the contributions and experiences of women, non-Anglo migrants and Aborigines were virtually ignored. Their stories certainly played no role in the forging of the Australian identity.
What are the images and constructions of 'Australian-ness'? Although the Australian identity has transformed over time in essence our national identity remains the same today as it was form the beginning of its development; 'masculine, White Anglo-Irish and heterosexual.' (Schaffer 1988, p12).
According to the myth the 'Typical Australian' is a practical man, rough and ready in his manners and quick to decry and appearance of affectation in others. He is a great improviser, ever willing to 'have a go' at anything, but willing too to be content with a task done in a way that is 'near enough'. Though capable of great exertion in an emergency, he normally feels no impulse to work hard without good cause. He is a 'hard case', sceptical about the values of religion and of intellectual and cultural pursuits generally. He believes that Jack is not only as good as his master but, at least in principle, probably a good deal better... He is a fiercely independent person who hates officiousness and authority...yet he is very hospitable and above all will stick to his mates through thick and thin... He swears hard and consistently, gambles heavily and often, and drinks deeply on occasion...
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... and beat the natives and the land into submission. Today most of the habitable land in Australia has been subdued and urbanised. The only battling with the bush most Australians do is clearing the weeds we've introduced from Europe. Today Lawson's bleak poem 'The Faces in the Street' about the grinding drudge of city life is probably a more appropriate anthem for Australia.
The image of 'Australian-ness', the hard-working, easy-going, anti-authoritarian mate, is no more true or representative today than it was 200 years ago, yet we hang onto it as strongly now as we did then. Movies such as 'Crocodile Dundee' and more recently 'The Castle', put forward the stereotype as powerfully as Lawson ever did, with more concessions to multi-culturalism maybe, but the basic concept remains the same, 'masculine, white Anglo-Irish and heterosexual.' (Schaffer 1988, p12).
They ate different foods, and had a different religion. When the English came, they brought conflicts, along with people with different cultures that changed Australia’s from the it was, to the way it to today.
Then it was the outback pioneer, battling the bush to build a new nation prior to the First World War. The Anzac legend – bold and ferocious males, unwilling to bow to military discipline, never flinched in battle defined the evolution of the image of Australian masculinity. Professor Manning Clark in his opus A History of Australia imaged the bronzed and noble Anzac as males involved in sex orgies, having violent scuffles, and in Egypt burned belongings of local people, brawled, got drunk and rioted and patronised brothels. Hero and larrikin, ratbag and rebel, the Anzacs ... ...
In Reading Tim Wintons hopeful saga, Cloudstreet, you are immersed in Australia; it is an important story in showing the change in values that urbanisation brought to Perth in the late 1950’s such as confidence and pride. But it was also a very anxious and fearful time period in terms of the Nedlands Monster and his impact in changing the current comfortable, breezy system Perth lived in. The role of women changed significantly with more women adopting more ambitious ideologies and engaging in the workforce something never seen before. But most of all it was important because it changed Australia’s priorities as a nation, it shaped the identity of individuals that we now see today, and it created a very unique Australian identity.
stage for the development of Australian cultural identity and the values, attitudes and beliefs of
Key events in Aboriginal Australian history stem from the time Australia was first discovered in 1788. For instance, when Federation came into existence in 1901, there was a prevailing belief held by non Aboriginal Australians that the Aborigines were a dying race (Nichol, 2005:259) which resulted in the Indigenous people being excluded from the constitution except for two mentions – Section 127 excluded Aborigines from the census and Section 51, part 26, which gave power over Aborigines to the States rather than to the Federal Government. Aboriginal people were officially excluded from the vote, public service, the Armed Forces and pensions. The White Australia mentality/policy Australia as “White” and unfortunately this policy was not abolished until 1972. REFERENCE
Of course it is naïve to believe that Australians only developed an identity after the First World War, but it is true to say that it was changed forever. Before Australia became the Australia known today, it was a land of bush rangers, farmers and convicts; a penal colony that had ambitions of becoming a nation who self-governed and had unified defence and transport*. Before federation Australia had fought in Sudan and the Boer War to provide support to the mother country as it was thought to be a heroic endeavour that was a type of rite of passage (Australian War Memorial, n.d.) and there was a global perception of who and what Australians were. Upon federation the people were very consciously intent on building themselves into a great nation (Bean, 1993), but not to sever ties to Britain completely as mostly foreign policy relied on what the British government dictated (Rickard, 1992).
Australia has the terrible condition of having an essentially pointless and prefabricated idea of “Aussiness” that really has no relation to our real culture or the way in which we really see ourselves. We, however subscribe to these stereotypes when trying to find some expression of our Australian identity. The feature film, The Castle, deals with issues about Australian identity in the 1990’s. The film uses techniques like camera shots, language and the use of narration to develop conflict between a decent, old fashioned suburban family, the Kerrigans and an unscrupulous corporation called Airlink. Feature films like The Castle are cultural products because they use attitudes, values and stereotypes about what it means to be Australian.
Australian indigenous culture is the world’s oldest surviving culture, dating back sixty-thousand years. Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders have been represented in a myriad of ways through various channels such as poetry, articles, and images, in both fiction and non-fiction. Over the years, they have been portrayed as inferior, oppressed, isolated, principled and admirable. Three such texts that portray them in these ways are poems Circles and Squares and Grade One Primary by Ali Cobby Eckermann, James Packer slams booing; joins three cheers for footballer and the accompanying visual text and Heywire article Family is the most important thing to an islander by Richard Barba. Even though the texts are different as ….. is/are …., while
...atures that make Australia what it is today. He uses the words “sunlit plain”, “vision splendid” and “wondrous glory” to provide the reader with an image that represents Australia’s reminiscent landscape. This is done to capture the reader’s thoughts in an attempt to persuade them. Paterson silences the negative aspects of rural life and the positive aspects of city life.
The line ‘The drover’s with cattle’ accepts the fact that Australia started off as simple rural communities and colonies which developed to become the advanced urban society we know today.
Within Australia, beginning from approximately the time of European settlement to late 1969, the Aboriginal population of Australia experienced the detrimental effects of the stolen generation. A majority of the abducted children were ’half-castes’, in which they had one white parent and the other of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. Following the government policies, the European police and government continued the assimilation of Aboriginal children into ‘white’ society. Oblivious to the destruction and devastation they were causing, the British had believed that they were doing this for “their [Aborigines] own good”, that they were “protecting” them as their families and culture were deemed unfit to raise them. These beliefs caused ...
Now I shall give a bit of a quick history lesson. The land of Australia had two types of people living there before the European settlers came to the country the Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islanders and in 1688 a man named William Dampier was the first British man to explore Australia (Austrailian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade). This is similar to how America had Native A...
This poem expresses Mackellar’s deep passion and love for “her” country without touching on racial issues, rights or custodianship of the land. Australian born and resisting the identification of her British heritage, Mackellar patriotically declares Australia her own by rejecting the beauty of the British landscape through contrasting it with the romantic ideal of her "sunburnt" country. Mackellar presents to the readers the values and attitudes of a newly federated white Australia with her romanticisation of the Australian landscape.
The film prevails as a reflection of the Australian culture of the 90s in all its crass, gaudy and over-the-top suburban ways. Despite this unique and iconic look at urban Australia and Australian characters, the story highlights universal themes with Hogan saying of the film’s international success, “that was a big lesson to me: if you have the right story there is no such thing as 'too parochial’.” (Lowenstein, 2000) Though the popularity of films portraying a new urban “Australian-ness” in this era influenced films like The Castle (Chocolate & Sitch, 1997) for years to come, this new cultural identity was not embraced by all. There has been significant backlash towards Australian film within Australia, with many finding the ideas of Australia portrayed on screen limited and stereotypical, rather than portraying the full breadth and multi-cultured nature of Australia.
Through Liam Benson’s photographic video, we become familiar with the many layers and ideas he is trying to express to his auidence. One clear message that we can gain is the idea towards Australian male identity, and how he has cleverly chosen to capture this message through his artwork. One way he has challenged this idea is through the use of particular clothing, dressing the upper half of the body in a modern day blouse, and the lower half dress in a historical colonial female skirt. Through this, we are exposed to the idea of the modern day and the present, showing how through time the views on men have changed to form a very stereotypical expectation. The expectation as been redefined when we see the controversial character that Liam