Introduction To explain nanocrystalline materials, it should have been explained that “nano” concept at first. Nanostructures are relatively new and interesting subject to investigate, they are in a scale which is between 0-100 nanometers (1 nanometer, nm is equal to 10-9 meter). There are some types of nanostructured materials such as lamellar (1-dimensional), filamentary (2-dimensional) and crystallites (3-dimensional). If grains of the material are made up of crystals, then “nanocrystalline materials” term is what they are called. In this case, nanocrystalline materials have grains which are the size of < 100 nm typically. An example of nanocrystalline material of SnO2 is imaged with STM as seen in Fig. 1 [1] and SEM image of nanocrystalline diamond thin films as seen in Fig. 2. [2] Fig. 1. STM image of nanocrystalline SnO2 [1] Fig. 2. SEM image of nanocrystalline diamond thin films. [2] In nanocrystalline materials there are numerous superior properties which actually are very useful and promising about future works and applications. The reason for the superior properties is that nanocrystalline materials have very high number of atoms at their grain boundaries which are in nanometer scale. Some of the properties that can be enhanced and increased by making nanocrystalline materials rather than the coarse-grained materials are higher strength, higher hardness, increased diffusivity, increased mechanical properties and so on [3]. This is why people have studied in this subject for a very long time and since then very serious number of information are known about nanocrystalline materials and their properties. Of course, there are still many more things that people cannot learn or study yet, however, according to the results of current works, it can be said that very promising future about nanocrystalline materials is near. Nanocrystalline materials have
Amandi Hiyare: Before forming my research question, I had a discussion with my research project coordinator “Lisa Pope” who told me that the Flinders nanotechnology research team has been developing microbial catheters. Then on Monday I had an interview with Professor Joe Shapter who told me that your team was leading this project. So I was wondering whether you would be able to provide me with some detailed information about this innovation?
Askeland, Donald R., and Pradeep P. Fulay. The Science and Engineering of Materials. Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2003. Print.
In which we have manufactured alumunium matrix nano composite billet using nano power metallurgy method and measured all the physical property of it. In addition we have also created a UG model for one of the V-6 engine used by fiat and run force simulation (ANSYS) on it to validate new material as an alternate material for cylinder block used in automobile
Material science, which is also known as material engineering, is considered an interdisciplinary field and it mainly applies the properties of matters on the earth to a variety of areas concerning science and engineering. In the more advanced stage, the discipline will reach a new scientific field to explore the connection between the structure of materials at the atomic or molecular level and their macroscopic attributes. Moreover, it also includes factors of applied physics and chemistry in which Nano science and nanotechnology have been put the most attention. With the further development, material science is more known as a particular field for science and engineering (Newey, etal, 1990)It should be noted that most of the difficult scientific issues in the world at the current stage, are caused by the limitation and restriction of materials which are available. Hence, once breakthroughs are made in this field it will have a far-reaching impact on the future development of technology. It is the purpose of this paper to explore the disciplinary literacy of material science, the method of building knowledge in this specific field so as to inform learners in the process of learning.
Combustion [7], precipitation[8], hydrothermal [9], Sol-gel [10], vapor deposition [11]and micro emulsion[12] are some of the chemical methods. Physical methods include thermal decomposition in plasma [13], flame spray [14], laser ablation[15], and mechanical milling [16]. The α-Al2O3 powders obtained from combustion method are usually aggregated and hard. The hydrothermal method usually requires high temperature and pressure. The sol-gel method is one of the complicated methods and uses metal alkoxides as raw materials. However, the long gelation time and the cost of alkoxides limit the use of this method. Formation of microemulsions generally requires large amounts of surfactants and/or co-surfactants and also many external factors affect the stability of microemulsions. Flame spray and thermal decomposition methods are generally used to coat a substrate. In laser ablation, the ablated composition is different from the bulk sample. Synthesis of nanoparticle through mechanical means requires extensive ball milling and impurities are introduced easily. The co-precipitation method is relatively simple and commonly used the method to synthesis nanoparticles. In this method, different parameters like pH, reaction temperature and reaction time, the concentration of the initial solution and material, have an important role in getting ceramic powders with desired size and
Nanotechnology, shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Nano science and nanotechnology are recent, revolutionary development in Science and Engineering that are evolving at a very fast pace.[1,2] It is driven by the desire to fabricate materials with novel and improved properties that is likely to impact virtually all areas of the physical and chemical sciences, biological sciences and health sciences. The word ‘nano’ derives from the Greek word ‘nanos’, which means dwarf or extremely small and mathematically, a nanometer is a billionth of a meter or 10-9 m. Particles whose sizes fall in the size range of 1-100 nm is called a nano particles, whether it is dispersed in gaseous, liquid or solid medium. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, to developing new materials wi...
brief overview on the structure and some properties of graphene, along with a presentation of graphene synthesis method and various applications.
Crystal Structures are divided into seven systems called lattices. A lattice is the arrangement of points of the atoms, ions, or molecules composing a crystal are centered at. The seven systems crystals are divided into consist of Cubic, Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Hexagonal, Trigonal, Triclinic, and Monoclinic. The Cubic system is fairly basic. It consists of one lattice point on each corner of the cube, which each lattice point shared equally between eight adjacent cubes. The Tetragonal system is similar to the cubic crystals, but it is longer along one axis. Tetragonal crystal lattices form when stretching has occurred along one lattice vector. As a result, the cube is turned into a rectangular prism with a square base. The Orthorhombic system is like the Tetragonal crystals, but it does not have a square in the cross section. This lattice is formed when stretching has occurred along two lattice vectors, which fo...
Inorganic nanowires often exhibit unique property that is useful for future applications. As the sizes of materials are decreasing down to the nanoscale level, the physical structure and chemical properties of nanomaterials are also diverging away from its bulk form [N&N]. Nanowires display the quantum confinement effect which describes the energy level of electrons as discrete unit [N&N]. For example, the transfer of electrons from the valence band to the conducting band requires a specific amount of energy [N&N]. Additionally, the surface area to volume ratio increases as the particles gets smaller [N&N]. This property supports many of the future application of TiO2 nanowires that requires a large surface a...
The main purpose of green nanotechnology has been to develop clean technologies that would minimize potential human and environmental health risk. Also, to encourage replacement of existing products with the clean technologies that is more environmentally friendly. There are many benefits of using green nanotechnologies as the new solution for energy in both their current availability and their current development. Over the new few decades, the highest growth opportunities will come from application of nanomaterials for making better use of existing resources. Nanotechnologies will help reduce weight of carbon emission in transportation utilizing nanocomposite materials that quickly diffuses across the automotive and aerospace industries. Applications of nanotechnologies will result in a global annual savings of 8000 tons of carbon dioxide, which will rise even further to over millions tons by 2020. But, let’s focus on the positive effects of Green Nanotechnology in Solar.
In this experiment, our aim is examining the microstructure of metals. By studying microscopic structures of metals, we determine which material fits best to a given application. We used the most common method, optical technique, to examine the microstructure.
Nanotechnology can be defined as the technology at the scale of one-billionth of a metre. The matter posses unique properties with nano scale of 1-100 nanometres (nm) size. The large surface area to volume ratio is the key element that is exhibited by the nano material and thus leaded to a variety of manipulations, diversifications and useful applications. The modification of the host material as in layered double hydroxide gives opportunity for the intercalation of the beneficial substance and released it at the defined location at the end of the process.
I have chosen nanotechnology as my topic area of choice from the food innovation module.
In the future, people will have lightning fast computers and a new kind of phone. All of their new electronics will have crystals in their construction somewhere. From microchips with super-storage or photon-processing crystals, crystals will be everywhere. And they already are. Crystals are used in color changing paint and even in the touch screen of smartphones. Many famous scientists are researching crystals and how they could be used. Crystals are natural wonders of nature that are built in complicating and amazing structures that have the potential to be used everywhere.
Nanoparticles of silica sand have been researching and producing progressively due to the unique features of nano scale size. Silica sand