Nanocomposite Analysis

Nanocomposite polymers are polymer matrix composites in which the fillers are smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension. These composites have showed extraordinarily interesting properties. A defining feature of nanocomposite polymer as compared to traditional composites is that the significant increase in interfacial area due to the small size of the nanoparticles fillers. This interfacial area makes a significant volume fraction of interfacial composite polymers with different properties from the bulk composite polymer even at low loadings. The structure and properties of this interfacial region are presenting a challenge both for predicting and controlling the properties of polymer nanocomposites. This review gives a brief overview

Fig. 2 shows the PVA in powder form. There are the two dependent physical properties (the degree of polymerization and hydrolysis) which are characterized the PVA. Table 1 shows the effect of the degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight on the properties of PVA. Based on (their degree of polymerization and hydrolysis) the commercial grades of PVA can be classified into two classes namely;

(a) fully hydrolyzed group (the alcohol groups replaced about the above 98% mole of acetate groups),where in hot water the PVA is soluble and have good film forming characteristics (at lower temperatures the formed films are insoluble in water.) as well as good adhesive properties [25,26].

(b) partially hydrolyzed group (the alcohol groups replaced about 87–89% mole of acetate groups) [12]. At the room temperature the PVA is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, but in organic solvents the PVA is difficult to soluble (insoluble) [14]. The cross linking of the linear chains of PVA with formaldehyde, boric acid, some salts and other insolubility agents can be turned the PVA adhesive to be a water resistant product