Myocardial Ischemia: The lack of Oxygen

In this essay, the author

• Explains that angina is the clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial ischemia caused by either an increased demand for oxygen or a decreased supply of oxygen.
• Explains that inadequate oxygen to myocardium, denying myocytes of oxygen and glucose required for aerobic metabolism triggering anaerobic metabolism thus lactic acid formation.
• Explains that anaerobic metabolism begins, and lactic acid accumulates. myocardial nerve fibres transmit a pain message to the cardiac nerves and the upper thoracic posterior nerve roots.
• Explains that catecholamine is released from the ischemic myocardial cells causing increased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. the release results in glycogen, diaphoresis, and vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels.
• Explains that nausea and vomiting can result from reflex stimulation of the vomiting centre by the severe pain.
• Explains that after a detailed cardiovascular health history and physical assessment, additional information is obtained by numerous diagnostic procedures.
• Explains the electrocardiogram (ecg) is a noninvasive procedure used to reveal heart conditions by measuring and recording the cardiac electrical activity of from different perspective.
• Explains that an echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart. the transducer records ultrasound waves to generate a picture, record direction and flow of blood, and convert it to audio and graphic data.
• Explains a procedure where an injection of radioactive dye directly into coronary arteries is used to evaluate the patency and circulation of coronaries.
• Explains chest radiographs are a picture that shows cardiac contours, heart size and configuration, anatomical changes in the chambers and records any displacement or enlargement of the heart.
• Explains that the patient will apply techniques to ambulate and complete personal adl care with no chest pain in 3 days.
• Explains that pharmacists provide cost-effective drug therapy for canadians and ensure safe medication use. physiotherapists are highly skilled and autonomous health care professionals that play a significant role in health promotion.
• Opines that access to a primary health care provider is essential to effectively managing angina.
• Describes the nurse practitioner led clinics, an innovation that addresses the lack of access to a primary health care professional.
• Explains that the canadian heart and stroke foundation and the world heart federation are reliable web-based resources for angina.
• Explains that the nplc and the emergency department provide comprehensive primary care, health promotion, diagnostic testing, treatment of intermittent and chronic illness, and health assessments to angina patients.
• Explains that over 900,000 patients still don't have a family physician: ontario's doctors.
• Explains that angina is caused by insufficient blood flow due to the constriction or narrowing of the coronary arteries by atherosclerosis.
• Recommends applying supplemental oxygen, increasing oxygenation of myocardial tissues, and administering medication to prompt pain relief.
• Recommends administering nitrates prior to physical activity and teaching patient self-care techniques to reduce oxygen consumption.
• Cites dalby, p., dicenso, a. bryant-lukosius, f. harbman, n. carter, s. kaasalainen, et al.