Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is the primary cause of death and disability in the United States. According to VanMeter and Hubert (2015), myocardial infarction occurs when, "obstruction of a coronary artery causes necrosis of heart tissue, impairing pumping ability and/ or conduction" (p. 661). The muscles within the heart requires an adequate amount of oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Therefore; when blood flow through the heart is reduced; it damages the muscles, resulting in muscle death. Unfortunately, an individual in the United States suffers from a heart attack every forty seconds.
Etiology
Myocardial infarction occurs due to insufficient blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of a heart attack. However; poor lifestyle choices, unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity rise the risk of heart attack occurrence. According to Lakic and Racic
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Early warning signs of myocardial infarction include; shortness of breath, sweating, weakness, fatigue, nausea, indigestion, anxiety, fear, and the feeling of pressure, heaviness or burning in the chest. However, as myocardial infarction persists; an individual may begin to feel severe, steady, crushing chest pain that can be felt in the left arm, should jaw, or neck as well. Luckily, if treatment such as thrombolytic therapy and fibrinolytic drugs is administered within the first twenty minutes of symptom presence; restoration of blood flow to the heart is possible. Therefore; if one should ever experience such signs, they should seek immediate medical attention to prevent permanent heart damage. Nonetheless, additional complication can occur after suffering the infarction such congestive heart failure, cariogenic shock, thromboembolism and even
The purpose for the stent was to hold the coronary artery open to allow the blood to flow more freely.
Heart disease is one of the most common causes of the mortality and morbidity in most well developed countries. They come in different forms such as stroke and other cardiovascular diseases and it’s the number one cause of death in the state of America. In the year 2011 alone nearly 787,000 people were killed as a result of this epidemic. And this included Hispanic, Africans, whites and Americans. As for the Asian Americans or pacific Islanders, American Indians and the natives of Alaska, the concept to them was a second only to cancer. However, statistics has proved that a person gets heart attack every 34 seconds and in every 60 seconds, someone dies out of it which include other related event. Additionally, majority of the women are the
After review of the clinical information provided by North Central Bronx Hospital, the Medical Director has denied your admission to North Central Bronx Hospital. It was determined that the clinical information did not justify an inpatient stay. Acute inpatient hospitalization was not medically necessary. You are a 56 year old female with complaints of worsening pressure-like chest pain on the left sided that radiated to your left arm and neck. The symptoms began when you were at rest and woke you from your sleep. Based on the Interqual guideline (a decision based program to determine medical need) criteria to for acute coronary syndrome the clinical guidelines were not met because troponins were negative, there was no diagnostic testing such as a stress test, or documentation of ischemia in the clinical information that was submitted.
The term acute myocardial infarction is used when talking about myocardial necrosis in a setting consistent with myocardial ischemia (Steg, et al., 2012). Acute myocardial infarctions are the major cause of disability and death worldwide. Myocardial infarctions can be one of the first signs of acute coronary syndrome and they can also occur repeatedly in patients that have an ongoing coronary artery disease (Thygesen, et al., 2012).
In a conclusion, although cardiovascular disease remains the major concern to many citizens, the survival rate is still high for those who admitted to hospital as the improvement in medical care and emergency treatment plan. However, one should instantly seek for medical aid when developing symptoms of myocardial infarction such as chest pain, shortness of breath and nausea. Precautions are always better than cure, one should maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly and quit smoking in order to avoid the occurring of cardiovascular disease.
This assignment is a case study that aims to explore the biospychosocial impacts of a myocardial infarction on a service user. It will focus on the interventions used by healthcare professionals throughout the patient’s journey to recovery. To abide by the NMC’s code of conduct (2015) which states that all nurses owe a duty of confidentiality to all those who are receiving care, the service user used in this case study will be referred to as Julie. Julie is a 67 year old lady who was rushed to her local accident and emergency following an episode of acute chest pain and was suspected to have suffered from a myocardial infarction. Julie who lives alone reported she had been experiencing shortness of breath and
The primary concern for Mr. Miller would be preventing further ischemia and necrosis of the myocardial tissues, preventing serious complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias and heart failure, as well as relieving his chest pain that radiates to his left arm. Preventing further ischemia and necrosis of the myocardial tissue will help prevent the development of heart failure due to myocardial infarction, whereas relieving his pain will help reduce his episodes of shortness of breath, and will also help to reduce any anxiety and restlessness he may be having from being in pain and short of breath.
One of the leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. “Approximately every 29 seconds one American will have a heart attack, and once a minute one American will die from a heart attack” (Ford-Martin and Odle, 915). According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are considered at risk for heart disease. Heart disease is a major cause of death. It is beneficial to individuals who seek to prevent heart disease to recognize the risks leading to heart attacks as they are one of the primary indications of developing heart disease; especially those that fall into the at risk age groups. These risks consist of some that cannot be changed such as heredity risks, or those that can change such as smoking habits. It is very important to know these specific risks for prevention and to understand the symptoms of heart attacks, such as sweating or the feeling of weakness so if these or other symptoms occur people are aware. Finally heart disease treatment is of vital importance if you experience a heart attack so you can learn how to prevent another one from occurring.
Heart disease kills over 600,000 men and women in the United States every year. That translates to one out of every five deaths are caused by heart disease. Heart disease has several factors, but they all contribute to difficulty in blood flow from the heart. It is most often caused by an unhealthy lifestyle such as a poor diet, little exercise, being overweight and smoking. People die from heart disease several ways including heart attack or stroke.
Just as breast cancer is killing our African American women, heart disease is also one of the major diseases killing our women. Heart disease is one of the nation’s leading causes of death in both woman and men. About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the United States (Americas heart disease burden, 2013). Some facts about heart disease are every year about 935,000 Americans have a heart attack. Of these, 610,000 are a first heart attack victim. 325,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack. Also coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year. This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, and loss of productivity. Deaths of heart disease in the United States back in 2008 killed about 24.5% of African Americans.
What causes coronary heart disease? There are several factors that can affect and impair the inferior layer of the coronary arteries which are diabetes, inflammation of the blood vessels, hypertension, smoking, and elevated amounts of particular cholesterols and fats in blood. The risk of getting CHD is obesity/ being overweight, no physical activities, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, family medical history/ genetics, poor dieting, stress, etc.
What happens when an athlete that is in the best of physical health suffers a sudden cardiac death? The sudden death leaves the community, team, and family shocked and devastated and looking for answers.Whether they are throwing a pitch, shooting the game winning shot, running to the finish line, or making the tackle, an athlete in the United States suffers a sudden cardiac arrest every three days. ( Subasic 18 ) The deaths are rising in sudden cardiac deaths, but not all athletes die each time a cardiac arrest takes place. Each time an athlete suffers a sudden cardiac arrest they don’t all die, but the deaths are rising. Sports related cardiac deaths are very sudden and most scientists do not know why they occur, but researchers are conducting many studies to try to determine the exact cause. Therefore there have been many studies done trying
Oxygen was first admitted to the client with chest pain over 100 years ago (Metcalfe, 2011). Chest pain is a large bracket that can contain many different conditions, but for the purpose of this analysis it is focused manly upon a myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction is mainly referred to as a heart attack, and occurs when one or more coronary arteries leading to the heart reduce or completely stop blood flow (Tuipulotu, 2013 ). Administering high concentrations of oxygen to patients with chest pain is now embedded in guidelines, protocols and care pathways, even with a lack of clear supporting evidence (Nicholson, 2004 ). High concentration of oxygen means that up to 60% is administered (Knott, 2012). More recent research has suggested that the use of oxygen in this scenario is unnecessary and can lead to unwanted side effects, especially in normoxic cardiac patients (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). The aim of this comparative analysis is to dismantle and understand both the benefits and risks of the commonly known practice of administration of oxygen to the client with chest pain. Through completing this analysis using recent and appropriate evidence a more improved practice can be given and understood.
Although sudden cardiac deaths are believed to be uncommon, the frequency with which such deaths occur remains largely unknown. (Maron; Pelliccia; Aeppli p.1881) A cardiac arrest is when a person’s heart stops pumping. When a person’s heart stops pumping blood doesn’t flow around their body and oxygen doesn’t reach their brian like it normally should. If an athlete suffers a cardiac arrest and their heart stops pumping for a period of time, then they are most likely not to recover.The frequency of sudden cardiac death in high school athletes is reported as 1:180,000-1:200,000, with 90% of these deaths occurring during training or competition. (Subasic p.18)
...efore. They have the risk of heart failure; they may suffer from angina pectoris (a heart disease with similar symptoms of a heart attack), and many other diseases like diabetes, hypertension, etc. Deaths have decreased through the pass of the years, but still many people die on a frequent basis of heart attack. Many victims of these disease die even before they reach the hospital and many others die in the hospital.