I am an archaeologist, a young one working with my professor. I believe I found with my natural propensity a wondrous, exhilarating, incredible discovery of the past. They indicate ancient people, probably Homo sapiens. The carbon dating I have found indicates they are around 25,000 years old. Specifically, the items I found are a skull, rib bones, and a leg bone. Furthermore I was by fate or destiny able to recover flower petals, a bone necklace, and sharpened flint weapon tips in a dug out hole with the bones. I also found some additional sharpened weapon tips and sharpened flint weapon tips arranged in a circle possibly a fire, dug out rock bowls near the circle, cave paintings of humans chasing dear with spears, large blanket like animal-hides and various smaller pieces, one carved statue of a large woman found deep in the cave with flower petals and animal bones.
In a reasonable hypothesis based on these people I believe these Homo sapiens survived through hunter-gathering. I am sure they used stationary food sources for example berries, fruits, mushrooms and insect larvae. Their primary source of food that is not fixated and more available that took mainly, deft, skilled hands with gracious dexterity, and knowledge and bow training, was rein deer, which provided proteins for them. They had a specific division of labor amongst cooks, gatherers, hunters, and more. The cooks would use the fire to heat up the food to make it easier to chew, and taste overall significantly better and engulf the food in some type of pasteurization. Of course, the Homo Sapiens back then probably did not have a basic understanding of microscopic organisms that can help, or harm the vessel. They also framed their game like hunters tod...
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...ccasionally, except when they were demonstrating worship to their sibylline, or god like figure and displayed an aptitude of structure that required them to be more meticulous hunters that were trained to not exhibit a disarray in their technique. Hunters did definitely not want to scrutinize their hunt, primarily because the world these people lived in followed the law of survival of the fittest more than present day and also boasted an executioner system as a form of their society’s law, or corrupted obstructed administering of justice. These Homo Sapiens had unique and ancient bone structure that is recognizable to our present technology, that’s different from Homo Erectus’s bone structure. Another major difference that was used to differentiate between these two is art, these people exhibited artists that would draw elated pictures of their hunters hunting game.
The second question frequently asked regarding Schliemann’s legacy examines his motives and skill as an excavator: was Heinrich Schliemann a good archaeologist? This question has two sides. First, did Schliemann use the best techniques and technology available to him at time of his first excavation? Second, did he have the same values that other archaeologists have?
Cooking was done on a campfire. They would use a flint and steel to light the fire. Wood, cow dung, willow, and sagebrush were some of the fuels they used to fuel the fire.
One method of the nomadic plains tribes for cooking was to use rawhide cooking vessels which came from the hump of the buffalo, staked over a mound of earth and left to dry in the shape of a bowl. The pot was put in a shallow hole near the fire, and then carefully selected stones that would not shatter easily would be put in the fire and transferred to the bowl with wood or bone tongs to heat the contents of the pot.
In 1912 a man named Charles Dawson had claimed to discover skulls in the Piltdown quarry in Sussex, England. The remains, named the Piltdown man, were claimed to have been the “missing link.” He looked to be both human and ape, with the brow of Homo sapiens and a primitive jaw. As time went on and new remains were discovered, Piltdown man did not fit into the human family tree. In 1953, Piltdown man was finally proved to be a fake. Piltdown man had the skull from a medieval human, an Orangutan jaw, an elephant molar, hippopotamus tooth, and a canine tooth. These bones were not only from different species, but they were also treated to look ancient. Since then, other findings of artifacts and remains are given many methods of dating them and checking their authenticity. When anthropologists find ancient artifacts and remains they need to be sure that it is not modern and when remains are brought to them they must make sure that they are not fake.
...nce of much more use and variety of tools including those believed to be specifically designed to skin meat, hunt and even woodworking. There is no doubt that Neandertals were tool users, hunters, fishermen, and they even made “jewelry” out of shells and bones for decoration. Vocal capabilities are still being debated with some experts that believe that Neandertal was not capable of speech and others saying they were. So, daily life in as an Africa H. erectus was likely a little like camping for us modern humans, only without the luxuries of a tent, sleeping bag and prepackaged food. Very primitive camping with your family in which you had to find food and prepare it, keep from being hunted yourself by predators and may or may not have been able to warm up by a fire. And, more than likely, you would not have been singing campfire songs as you couldn’t speak.
For a long time, all groups of people on Earth were hunter-gatherers. Why did some of them being food production and why did they begin around 8500 B.C.? Thomas Hobbes described the life of hunter-gatherers as “nasty, brutish, and short.” They woke up each day knowing that they must obtain food to survive.
Most of their evidence comes from the fossilized bones of Neanderthals and Cro- Magnons, or modern man’s ancestors (Shreeve, 150). There is a definite difference between their bone structures, and it may be a significant enough difference to divide them into species. There is a set of traits that distinguishes Neanderthals. Their general proportions are short, robust, and strong. Males and females of all ages have thick bones, and very pronounced muscle and ligament attachment sites. They also have distinct facial and cranial features. They have a large skull with no chin, a significant brow-ridge, and a large nasal opening (Shreeve, 49-150). They have large brains, around 1400cc, that protrude in the back, causing an occipital bun in the skull (Lecture, 4/19). Cro-Magnons on the other hand look more like humans do today. They are more slender and not as muscular, with chins and rounder skulls with slightly smaller brains among other traits.
Before we had agriculture to plant crops and care for animals, people were hunter-gatherers. They ate meat that they could catch and kill and they gathered whatever vegetation they could safely eat.
Food was something everybody needed. The Makah ate a lot of fish and still do today. Fish was the main thing they ate. The Makah also ate deer, seal, whale, and more. The Makah ate everything with fish oil even dessert. They loved fish oil so much they had to eat it with everything. The Makah were hunters. They would go out in canoes and catch as much as they could. The Makah ate very little vegetables. They mostly ate meat. The only vegetables they ate were in the spring when the woman would find some plants. They would dry the fish for the winter and other times when it was needed. How they cooked the food was with a cedar wood box. They would make a fire and put coals on the fire. The Makah would put water in the box and add the hot coals. Then they would add the food. They would take out cold coals and put in hot ones. The Makah ate with their hands and ate on cedar mats. The Makah didn’t have any kind of utensils so they just used their hands for everything.
Childs-Johnson, Elizabeth, Joan Lebold Cohen, and Lawerence R. Sullivan. (1996, November-December). Race against time. Archaeology.
“Stone Age Toolkit." America's Stone Age Explorers. PBS, Sept. 2004. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. .
The Paleolithic Period began 2.5 million years ago. This period is said to have began when the first evidence of tools constructed and used by humans were found. This period is often referred to as the Old Stone Age. It is characterized by the us of stone tools. These were some of the first tools used by humans, mostly used to hunt their food. However, tools such as spears and bones, used after killing an animal, were also used as hunting tools. The Paleolithic Period covers almost 95 % of the human prehistory. This is dated as far back as 3.3 million years ago when stone tools were made to about 6,000 years ago when the first writing system was created. During the Paleolithic Period, groups of people began to stick together. This is what became some of the first tribes. They traveled and hunted in groups of people, instead of just a few traveling together. They often would follow food, including the giant woolly mammoth. Then, “fifteen thousand years ago, Homo sapiens took advantage of land bridges exposed by lowered sea levels and spread to Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, and, finally, the Americas,” (1). The groups of Hunter-Gatherers usually made houses of wood or hide. They weren’t very large
Despite not having an established society or economy, man in the Paleolithic Age had increasing technology. Their weapons and tools were made of wood and stone, and they had manifested the ability to control fire. The Paleolithic Age also berthed language and thus established the first historical backgrounds of modern man. Paleolithic art gives the background for the culture of the time. Depicting a society classed only by sex: Men hunted, made weaponry and tools, and fought other nomadic bands; Women gathered, made clothing, and bore children.
1.9 million years ago, Homo Habilis of East Africa had evolved into an entirely new species known as Homo erectus. Homo erectus directly translates to "Upright man" and for good reason. One of largest anatomical advancements of Homo erectus was their arm and leg bones which were very similar in shape and proportions to that of modern day humans. "Their legs would have made Homo erectus efficient long distance runners like modern humans."(Dennis). Along with their longer more developed legs, Homo erectus's leg were also hairless which allowed them to evaporate sweat and thus be more efficient at not overheating. This advantage allowed Homo erectus to chase down four legged mammals to the point of heat exhaustion and thus drastically increase the efficiency their hunting tactics. Another change in the legs of Homo erectus was their slightly more narrow pelvises. This forced the size of a child’s head to be smaller at birth and undergo most of its development during childhood. (Dennis)
They used every part of the animal they hunted for survival. However, now we have all kinds of clothing, housing, and are not constantly being hunted by other animals, so eating their meat is simply a luxury. Before man figured out how to hunt larger animals, plants and grains were consumed. This was not a drawback and man lived on fine. Going back to this lifestyle would transform the world into a cleaner place, and could help the world eventually obtain an organic lifestyle, which would be beneficial for the