Introduction and Presentation
Toby, an 11-month-old cat, has exhibited a lack of appetite and increased fatigue, which was observed by his owners. The first stage of a physical examination would be to determine the history of the patient, especially vaccination records, as Toby is a kitten. Then the cats’ general appearance would have been noted. The cats body condition, mentation, posture/gait and hydration status would be examined before continuing the physical examination. Next, the vet would check Toby’s vital signs, which include: body weight, temperature using a rectal thermometer (normal temperature for a feline is between 100.5 and 102.5°F), heart/pulse (normal heart/pulse rate in felines is 110-200 bpm), respiratory rate (normal rate for felines is 20-40 bpm) and perfusion indicators which include checking the mucous membrane colour and capillary refill time (normal refill time is <2 seconds). The vet would then complete a thorough head to toe examination, palpating essential organs for signs of abnormality (Wojdak, 2013). The vet discovered Toby had pale mucous membranes, a weak pulse, a dull coat, and was lethargic.
Laboratory Investigations
In response to the findings from the physical examination, several diagnostic techniques are required to determine the diagnosis of the suspected anemia (Fleischman, 2012). The required tests are packed cell volume measurement, a reticulocytes count, blood smear examination and a completed blood count. The packed cell volume, which measures the percentage of red blood cells present in the blood, can be determined by centrifuging a small amount of blood using microhematocrit tubes (Fleischman, 2012). On analysis of the packed cell count obtained for Toby, it was apparent that the...
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...tment. It is important to treat the underlying cause of the disease first before attempting to treat the animal for iron-deficiency anemia (Grace, 2011). Retrovirus diseases are more common in Cats that have suffered anemia due to their weakened immune system. Contraction of other infections and diseases whilst undergoing treatment may also affect prognosis. (Brown, 2012)
Conclusion
Toby was suffering from regenerative, iron-deficiency anemia caused by a pathogenic hookworm, Ancylostoma ceylancium, which caused chronic blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract. The underlying infection could have been treated using Profender and Drontal for Cats tablets. Iron supplements should have been administered to correct the red blood cell levels, which would eventually correct the regenerative anemia. If treatment was successful then the prognosis should have been good.
Nala, a two-year, eight-month-old spayed female Cane Corso was presented to Heritage Animal Hospital for vomiting on February 1, 2017. Her owner complained that she had not been able to hold any food down since January 31, 2017. Nala had a foreign body surgery last month here at the clinic. The owner informed our staff that Nala had a rash around her incision for roughly the past two weeks. The owner stated she does not believe her dog ingested anything. During the physical exam, Nala appeared quiet, alert, and responsive. The technician assessed the oral cavity and Nala had tacky mucous membranes and pink gums. The capillary refill time was quoted to be less than 2 seconds. The dental exam was clinically normal. The eyes were bright, clear,
Anemia is a disease that is commonly seen in veterinary medicine. This disease can be described as having low amounts of red blood cells and a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. It develops from loss, destruction or lack of production of red blood cells. Anemia is usually a secondary disease caused by another disease or medical condition. There are three different types of anemia; regenerative, non-regenerative and relative.
Sherding, Robert G. The Cat Diseases and Clinical Management. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1. 1994. p 30-31, 233.
Vitals signs: BP 90/60, HR(heart rate) 90-100, RR(respiratory rate) 22, Temp: 100.2 F, Oxygen Saturation: 98%
Additionally, her radial pulse in her right arm was diminished. Her mechanical ventilator was on assist control with a tidal volume of 450ml, respiratory rate set at 12 breaths per minuet, positive end-expiratory pressure of 5, fraction of inspired oxygen at 40 percent and an end tidal carbon dioxide level of 40mmHg. She had an oral temperature of 98.5 degrees Fahrenheit, an apical heart rate of 67 beats per minute; her respiratory rate was 12 breaths per minuet, with a oxygen saturation of 98 percent and blood pressure of 127/39. Her last bowel movement was on April 2nd and is currently NPO on continuous tube feedings of Benefiber. She has a red spot on her sacrum due to
Feline Leukemia is a highly contagious retrovirus, and a disease with many causes. It is certainly life-threatening to cats infected with the virus. It is a disease that sadly has no cure. While it is incurable, it is important to focus on the fact that it is a preventable disease. There are many important steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of exposure to the Feline Leukemia Virus. Preventative measures are the best solution to dealing with the threat of Feline Leukemia, and is the only thing guaranteed to increase the safety of cats and prevent the spread of the virus.
I am the owner of a beautiful mix breed named Cocoa; she was diagnosed with Heartworm disease about 4 years ago. As you can imagine I was devastated to receive this news, especially since I had her on prevention which is a medication to prevent heartworms, since she was puppy. After some research I had discovered that the prevention she was on only protected a dog with a weight of 25-50 lbs, well she had gained a weight of about 60 lbs. so the prevention she was on was pretty much useless. (Show the slide of Cocoa)
The man has iron deficiency anemia. This anemia is caused by the lack of sufficient iron in the body. The rate of loss or use of iron is higher than the rate of its absorption and use. The lack of sufficient iron can be caused by chronic blood loss, decreased absorption of iron and increased use of iron for example during pregnancy. His gastrointestinal bleeding led to a chronic blood loss which caused the anemia.
Millie is at risk for the following safety risks: She is an 84 y.o. female that lives alone with her cat. Although Millie’s cat may be therapeutic for her hypertension and a companion now that her spouse has passed away, the cat can also be a tripping hazard. Her poor vision may cause her to mix up her medications, or she may not be able to read or setup her medications on her own. Millie’s urinary tract infection (UTI), may have been caused due to poor peri cares, in addition to poor fluid intake. Millie’s hypertension and hypercholesterolemia may be poorly controlled due to “quick meals” such as frozen, boxed, or can foods. She may not be able to safely prepare nutritional meals for herself. Thus resulting in an increased chance of her developing a stroke or heart attack. Millie’s osteoarthritis may also cause her knee to become weak and fall, and due to her osteoporosis her bones are brittle and may brake. Lastly, Millie’s fall risk assessment should have been completed on day of admission and interventions should have been put in place to prevent a near fall.
* Mehlhaff, Cheryl and Wayne Whitney. "High-rise syndrome in cats," J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 191, 1399-1403;1987.
Physical examination is unremarkable with no evidence of leg edema, lung crepitations, heart S3 sound, or ascites. Skin turgor is normal. Laboratory studies show a normal urinalysis and CBC, with comprehensive chemistry
D. standing near her room, breathing sharply. While asked what has just happened, she answered, ‘I feel dizzy and can faint!’ Mrs. D. then explained that she rose up from her chair in the television room and felt lightheaded. I decided to bring her to the room hoping she would feel less dizziness if she could sit. After consultation with my mentor and third year unit nursing student, I decided to perform measurement of her vital signs. Since only electronic sphygmomanometer was available for me that time, I had to use it for my procedure. Gladly, I discovered that I have already used such equipment in my previous nursing practice. Using the standard sized calf, I found that her blood pressure was 135/85, respirations were 16, and her pulse was 96 beats per minute (bpm). However, I decided to recheck the pulse manually, founding that it was irregular (78 bpm). The patient stated that she felt better after rest. Immediately after the incident I made a decision to explore carefully the medical chart of Mrs. D., along with her nursing care plan. That helped me to discover multiple medical diagnoses influencing her
Nutrition is a major importance in the prevention of diseases and also an important maintenance for pets with chronic disorders (congestive heart failure, renal disease, etc.). Certain prescription diets have been designed with the intent to either cure or prolong the patients’ well-being. The affects that malnutrition have on the cardiovascular system range from muscle loss/weakness, anemia from vitamin/mineral deficiencies, and loss of myocardial muscle from decreased protein intake (Webb et al., 1986). Certain vitamins and minerals such as iron, copper, folic acid, and B12 deficiencies will cause anemia. The loss of the blood to the cardiovascular system decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissue, which causes elevation in the heart rate (tachycardia), because the heart is trying to compensate for the lack of
The veterinarian will need to know all of the symptoms the cat is experiencing and when the symptoms first began. If recent poisoning or trauma occurred, the veterinarian will need to be given details about these incidents. The veterinarian will physically examine the cat, listening to its heart and lungs and taking its blood
When I bought Katie to my apartment, she was so frightened. She meowed all night. I called Judy to say that I didn't think I could care for her, but Judy encouraged me to give the cat time to adjust, because she was in a new surrounding. I started feeding my new cat fresh Purina One Special Care dry food and Friskies moist food along with a fresh bowl of water each morning and evening. I also bougth a cat brush to stroke her long luxurious black and white hair, plus I took her to the Vet for an annual booster and rabie shot so I could give the records of the shots to my Manager.