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Features of a performance measurement system
Performance Measurement Theory
Performance Measurement Theory
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A mutual fund is a professionally managed type of collective investments that pools money from many investors and puts it in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, and/or other securities.[1] The mutual fund will have a fund manager, that trades the pooled money on a regular basis, and after realizing capital gains or losses are passed out in the form of dividends to the individual investors. Currently, the worldwide value of all mutual funds totals more than $26 trillion. [2]
Since 1940, there have been three basic types of investment companies in the United States: open-end funds, also known in the US as mutual funds; unit investment trusts (UITs); and closed-end funds. Similar funds also operate in Canada. However, in the rest of the world, mutual fund is used as a generic term for various types of collective investment vehicles, such as unit trusts, open-ended investment companies (OEICs), unitized insurance funds, and undertakings for collective investments in transferable securities (UCITS).
Average Annual Return
US mutual funds use SEC form N-1A to report the average annual compounded rates of return for 1-year, 5-year and 10-year periods as the "average annual total return" for each fund. The following formula is used:[6]
P(1+T)n = ERV
Where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000.
T = average annual total return.
n = number of years.
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the 1-, 5-, or 10-year periods at the end of the 1-, 5-, or 10-year periods (or fractional portion).
Turnover is a measure of the fund's securities transactions, usually calculated over a year's time, and usually expressed as a percentage of net asset value.
This value is usually calculated as the value of all transactions (buying, selling) divided by 2 divided by the fund's total holdings; i.e., the fund counts one security sold and another one bought as one "turnover". Thus turnover measures the replacement of holdings.
In Canada, under NI 81-106 (required disclosure for investment funds) turnover ratio is calculated based on the lesser of purchases or sales divided by the average size of the portfolio (including cash).
Mutual funds bear expenses similar to other companies. The fee structure of a mutual fund can be divided into two or three main components: management fee, nonmanagement expense, and 12b-1/non-12b-1 fees. All expenses are expressed as a percentage of the average daily net assets of the fund.
The management fee for the fund is usually synonymous with the contractual investment advisory fee charged for the management of a fund's investments.
Student Answer: Professional management and diversification are the major reasons investors purchase mutual funds, as well as they are easy to invest in for beginning investors or those who lack large amount of money as required by other types of investments. Investment companies are employed with experienced and profession fund managers who research and devote a lot of time to finding the perfect securities for their investment portfolios. The diversification allows for gains, even in a loss, because one investment in a mutual fund can offset the loss of another by it’s gains. Basically, your investments are scattered around and offer somewhat of a safety net for your
PNRA had an Asset Turnover ratio of 1.75 in 2010 and it grew to 1.95 in the trailing twelve
Total Asset Turnover. The total asset turnover ratio is calculated using the organizations sales with regard to its total assets. It is indicative of an organizations efficiency and its ability to generate sales by using its total assets. A higher number is a more appealing ratio, here as it tells us the company is “generating more revenue per dollar of assets (Investopedia.com, 2016)”. Again, Happy Hamburger falls below the industry average of 3, coming in at 1.69 before the increases and 2.11, after. These numbers are not terrible but don’t meet the industry average and would be considered a
.... In addition, inventory turnover shows a consistent increase from 2.16 in 2011 to 2.38 and 2.49 for 2012 and 2013 respectively.
20.7%, even as the S&P 500 fell 10.1%. At the end of June 2001, the fund's year-to-date returns stood at 6.4% versus −7.3% for the S&P 500.
...r Turnover’ the turnover cost in the US is very high and require to be contained.
In August, Fidelity voluntarily capped expenses on its domestic equity index funds at 0.1 percent, undercutting fees on similar offerings from Vanguard. By making its index mutual funds the cheapest on the market, Fidelity has issued a challenge to Vanguard, and thrown up a significant hurdle for the indexing expert. And the change may well keep some assets under the Fidelity roof. The firm has added $2 billion in new index assets since its initial reduction in fees. However, Fidelity's $10,000 minimum may put off some new investors.
...To check how successful it has been, we calculate debtor collection period ratio. (Dyson, 2004) Fixed Asset turnover: In this ratio, we seek the amount of sales that can be generated (or the amount of fixed assets necessary to achieve a level of sales) from a given level of fixed assets. (Klein, 1998) Total asset turnover: This ratio determines that how efficiently a firm is utilizing its assets. If the asset turnover ratio is high, the firm is using its assets effectively in generating sales. If this ratio is low, the firm may not be using its assets efficiently and shall either increase sales or eliminate some of the existing assets. (Argenti, 2002) Solvency Ratio Gearing: Gearing reflects the relationship between a company’s equity capital (ordinary shares and reserves) and its other form of long-term funding (preference share, debenture, etc.) (Black, 2000)
Return on assets is a pointer of how beneficial an organization is with respect to its total assets. ROA gives a thought with reference to how proficient management is at utilizing its resources to generate earnings. Figured by dividing an organization's yearly profit by its total assets, ROA is shown as a percentage. Now and then this is alluded to as "return on investment" (Investopedia, 2014). Net income divided by Average total assets. The calculated asset for Johnson & Johnson would be 10,853,000 / 112,127,500 = 9.7%.
Rondo is showing steady improvement in its Fixed Assets Turnover ratio. Total Assets Turnover ratio is a measure of all assets measured against sales. Rondo is showing improvement in this area at 1.0, but is still below the industry average of 1.1. Rondo's performance is fair in this ar...
“I've known people who had fantastic ideas, but who couldn't get the idea off the ground because they approached everything weakly. They thought that their ideas would somehow take off by themselves, or that just coming up with an idea was enough. Let me tell you something -- it's not enough. It will never be enough. You have to put the idea into action. If you don't have the motivation and the enthusiasm, your great idea will simply sit on top of your desk or inside your head and go nowhere”-Donald Trump. The stock market is just a place where people invest in others ideas for profit. If all stock brokers take a legal oath or some type of legal agreement then there will be fewer frauds will take place. Many stock brokers are trusted with huge amounts of money given by their clients willingly. Their clients give them this money in order for the stock broker to make more of it. Many clients give their money away without any form of documents, just word of mouth. Stock brokers should not be able to manage another’s person money without legal oath, legal document and a professional advisor present. With these check points in place the probability of unsuitability fraud, improper investment advice, hidden cost, over concentration and churning would be much less than it is right now.
The stock market is an essential part of a free-market economy, such as America’s. This is because it provides companies the capital they need in exchange for giving away small parts of ownership in their company to investors. The stock market works by letting different companies sell stocks to gain capital, meaning they sell shares of their company through an exchange system in order to make more money. Stocks represent a small amount of ownership in a company. The more stocks a person owns, the more ownership they have of that company. Stocks also represent shares in a company, which are equal parts in which the company’s capital is divided, entitling a shareholder to a portion of the company’s profits. Lastly, all of the buying and selling of stocks happens at an exchange. An exchange is a system or market in which stocks can be bought and sold within or between countries. All of these aspects together create the stock market.
This ratio would be the asset turnover. It uses net sales divided by average assets. In 2005, Pepsi Co's asset turnover was at 1.02 while Coca Cola's asset turnover was at 1.06.... ... middle of paper ...
The intensely competitive, action-oriented, profit-hungry world of investment banking can seem like a bigger-than-life place where deals are done and fortunes are made. Investment bank includes but is not limited to bringing an established company to the market, by that I mean taking company with the capabilities but not capital of expanding, and raising money through other investors or the stock market (IPO) for a commission, I chose this field because of my personal experience with my father and his company, I’ve seen him go from starting off as a cold calling broker, to running a brokerage firm, to starting a brokerage firm, all the way to having his own investment firm. I feel like I would do better with jobs where you set your own hours and work at your own pace. A lot of the work is commission based so the more your work the more you make, this would also benefit me because it would drive me to work more, money is my motivation. To be hired you will need good people and communication skills, highly analytical skills, high ability to synthesize and high creative ability. You will also need experience in modeling, valuing companies, and financial accounting.
Asset turnover ratio is used to calculate the efficiency to utilizing total asset for the sales. Use your assets in produce your product productivity and rise the sales to earn more profit. The asset turnover ratio of Nestle and Duty Lady Milk are similar in these 3 years. But, the two asset turnover ratio is considered as a low ratio (unproductive capacity). A low ratio means there will be less efficient of firm in total asset for employed. Nestle does not efficient in using firm’s asset to produce more