The advancement of the nursing field depends on the continuation of research and the development of a theoretical knowledge base. Middle-range theories help improve nursing research and nursing practice by providing a testable hypothesis as a model for directing further research. “The Theory of Music, Mood and Movement (MMM) to Improve Health Outcomes” discusses the use of music as a method to increase activity levels, improve mood and enhance the overall health of the body. Studies using the MMM theory have been conducted to determine improvements in cardiovascular health, reducing depression, interventions in pain management, treatment of stroke victims and improving the overall care of cancer patients and older adults. The theory is a useful tool to further investigate potential benefits of music and health outcomes across all scopes of nursing practice.
The MMM theory was developed using international physical activity guidelines and the notion that music produces physiological and psychological changes within the body. According to the physical activity guidelines, in order to achieve health benefits it is recommended that adults participate in at least 30 minutes of moderate to intense physical activity per day, three to five times per week (Murrock & Higgins, 2009). Physical inactivity worldwide has led to an increase in chronic diseases. According to the World Health Organization, following these guidelines will improve symptoms of chronic disease such as hypertension, depression, anxiety, and obesity attributing to better overall health (Murrock & Higgins, 2009). It is therefore important to implement evidence-based strategies to encourage physical activity and improve care.
Throughout history music has been valued for i...
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...e health outcomes. J Adv Nurs, 65(10), 2249-2257. Retrieved from
Nilsson, U. (2011). Music: A Nursing Intervention. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 73, 73-74. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.ejcnurse.2010.06.004
Norman, R. (2012). Music therapy assessment of older adults in nursing homes. Music Therapy Perspectives, 30, 8-13. Retrieved from
Onieva-Zafra, M. D., Castro-Sanchez, A. M., Mataran-Penarrocha, G. A., & Moreno-Lorenzo, C. (2013, June). Effects of music as nursing intervention for people diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Pain Management Nursing, 14, e39-e46. Retrieved from
Zhang, J., Wang, P., Yao, J., Zhao, L., Davis, M. P., Walsh, D., & Yue, G. H. (2012, October 2). Music interventions for psychological and physical outcomes in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer, 20, 3043-3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-012-1606-5
Occasionally music is used as medicine. One scholar shows that music can lower blood pressure, speed up stroke recovery, help you fall asleep, and help relieve pain (Surprising Effects of Music). Many schools provide a challenging curriculum for their students. Music classes would give students a chance to relax. Research demonstrates that liste...
Nursing homes initial purpose was to provide care to the aging population in a home-like environment. With the creation of social security, the elderly had the opportunity to be taken care of and supported through the healthcare system. Ultimately turning nursing homes into a hospital setting. Now people are mostly thought of as patients and their disease first rather than human beings. Basic needs are meet such as shelter, food, and medication, but interpersonal human needs have been lost. Covering the cost of medications which sometimes numbs a persona are far easier, than personal music which could help retain a person’s sense of
NMT focuses on the precise non-music application of skills when combining non-music assessments, movements, and behaviors in music therapy. NMT results in significant improvements of motor, communicative, cognitive, physical, and social skills. Interventions used in NMT include Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS), Pattern Sensory Enhancement (PSE), Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance (TIMP), Musical Speech Stimulation (MUSTIM), and Rhythmic Speech Cuing (RSC) (Hurt-Thaut & Johnson, 2015). Voluntary movement can be heavily influenced by rhythm. When the motor system and auditory system work together, they can create anticipated and consecutive changes in body functions. NMT is more concerned with the outcome of the therapy than the process used to achieve it. As a result, many music therapists use NMT specifically for clinical studies and
I’m writing my paper on Music Therapy, and how music affects the mind and body, to treat various illnesses. Music therapy is the prescribed use of music under the direction of specially trained therapists to influence changes in negative conditions and behavior. It accomplishes this by maintaining and restoring mental, physical, emotional and spiritual health .One type of theory is the idea that music, movement, and speech are inseparable. Music evokes unconscious thoughts and feelings, which in turn expand self-awareness. Music therapy is a powerful and non-invasive form of sensory stimulation which provokes responses due to the familiarity, predictability, and feelings of security associated with it. In some medical settings such as mental health services, it has been used to decrease patient’s perception of pain, anxiety and depression. ICU patients listening to music showed a significant decrease in blood pressure. It has been shown to calm the patient and to relax their mind and body. Music eases the burden on the arteries and nerves through relaxation. Du...
Trials have been done on children with autism, cancer patients, and those with substance use disorders. In music therapy trials done on various cancer patients, significant positive affects have occured. Data collected from a study at Wake Forest Hospital in Winston-Salem, North Carolina showed significant improvements. The patients was diagnosed with Leukemia. The music therapy type was PME and the patient showed improvements in relaxation and heart rate normality (Boehm). Music therapy not only facilitates the brain and allows the patient to relax and be in touch with their
It is estimated more than 5.3 million people have Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, with a new case of AD being diagnosed every 70 seconds. For women living over the age of 55 the risk of developing AD is 17%. For men, at the same age, the risk is slightly lowered at 9% (LeMone, Burke & Bauldoff, 2011, p.1510). Due to these staggering statics, AD continues to be an area of great interest and concern for the medical community. Although the cause of AD is unknown and there is currently no cure, many advances have been made in the treatment of AD. Treatments for AD are now expanding out from simply providing traditional pharmacological interventions to incorporating alternative treatments as well. Music therapy is one of the alternative treatments now being implemented for individuals suffering from AD. This research paper will discuss what Alzheimer’s disease is, what music therapy is and how music therapy is implemented in the treatment of AD, as well as the benefits and barriers of music therapy in AD patients
Music therapy works because of its three fundamentals: the application of systematic thinking through music theory, the creation of an individualized treatment plan, as well as the patie...
The participants were recruited based on the qualifications of being older than 65 years, scoring 0.5-1 on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and a primary caregiver willing to volunteer in the study (Cheung, Ho, Lai, Lai, & Wong, 2015). Staff for the study, consisting of social workers and occupational therapists, were recruited by posters (Cheung et al., 2015). The staff took a training course and all came up with a protocol for the music-with-movement intervention, with the aims to promote the wellbeing of people with dementia, and also their primary caregiver. A music therapist constructed various songs for specific activities for the people with dementia to engage in with their
B., Gfeller, K. E., & Thaut, M. H. (2008). An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and
Music is everywhere we go; we listen to it in the car, while doing work, and there are even people who pay to listen or watch an artist perform live. Yes, life goes on without music, but music has such an impact on our lives. Life is a rollercoaster of emotions and we have music to fit our emotions to be just as we feel. Music has a great deal of importance of many people. It can have a meaning that they cannot explain to others and are able to connect with the song. By doing so experts are able to help patients overcome many sicknesses with the help of music. Music therapy is capable of being an advantage for many individual patients, it can encourage responses from patients that other methods of therapy cannot get from them. Also, it improves the patients in distinctive ways other than for an illness.
Meadows, A. N. (2011). Developments in music therapy practice case study perspectives. Gilsum: Barcelona Publishers.
Boxill, E. H., & Chase, K. M. (2007). Music Therapy: An Overview. Music Therapy for Developmental Disabilities (). Austin: Pro-ed. (Original work published )
“Here, I set out to briefly overview the ideas of Lydia Hall—the nursing theorist who has had most influence on my own thinking as nurse. Lydia Hall was a rehabilitation nurse who developed the ‘Care, Core, and Cure Model’ as an early model of nursing practice and who subsequently used this model at the Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation at the Monteriore Hospital in the Bronx, New York” (Alan Pearson p. 321). Lydia e. hall was a nurse and a fundamental nursing theorist. Hall’s greatest contribution to the nursing field was the care, cure and core model she developed which seems to not only be followed by majority of the nurses, but also has been used as an effective tool to conduct study. Once a study was done to examine the effects of music therapy on state anxiety in female breast cancer patients following radical mastectomy, in which Lydia E. Hall’s Core, Care, and Cure Model was used as the theoretical framework for the Study (Chinese).
Murrock, C. J., & Higgins, P.A. (2009). The theory of music, mood and movement to improve health outcomes. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(10), 2249-2257.
In order to understand why the use of music therapy is growing, one must know what exactly music therapy is. Music Therapy is an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals. Music therapy also provides avenues for communicati...