Murrells Inlet has many different environments. It first started out as a beach which is why at the very bottom of some cores there is material that resembles a deep-sea environment. As the sea level rose and fell different environments started to form during these fazes. From oldest to youngest of the environments it starts with a deep sea marine environment, shallow marine, intertidal, beach, dunes, marsh, and then a forest. The changes in environment are due to different sea level changes throughout the years. When the environments are beach, shallow marine, and deep marine you can expect a retrogradation environment. This could either be from sediments depleting, there wasn’t a lot of sediments available, or there was a rise in sea level. These will cause a seaward over landward environment. The years when the seal level rose in Murrells Inlet has been 25 ka to present years (see figure C) Also, if the environments include places like forests, marshes, dunes, etc., this is a progradation environment. This is the exact opposite of retrogradation. Progradation is when there is a landward over seaward environment from sea levels dropping, an increase in sediments, or a combination of the two. …show more content…
This is because right now it is a retrogradation environment. Further into the cores there is shifts from retrogradation to progradation and back to retrogradation once again. These can all be seen by the environments within these cores such as beaches and dunes for progradation. As far as the sea level levels rising and falling there is one point where the sea level did eventual fall but more so there has been sea level rising. By examining these cores, it is possible to determine what environments occurred in what time and why they occurred. Also, dating these cores and explaining the background information of how Murrells Inlet was created can also be
Barrier Beaches stretch along the entire east coast of the United States. The barrier beaches from Long Island to Maine are known as Glaciated Coasts because their formation was assisted by glaciers. Eighteen thousands years ago a glacier covered most of the eastern US. This glacier terminated at present day Long Island. About fifteen thousands years ago the glacier began to retreat. As it melted it left behind mounds of rubble, called moraines. This particular glacier left behind two moraines because its final recession was a two part process. These two moraines are the Ronkonkoma Moraine and the Harbor Hill Moraine. The Ronkonkoma Moraine is located in central Long Island and the Harbor Hill Moraine is located on the northern part of Long Island. Besides the two moraines the glaciers deposited great amounts of debris offshore. This debris supplies the sand needed to create and maintain a barrier beach system (Hoel 16-18).
The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway is a large body of water that is used by commercial and private shallow draft vessels. The waterways is maintains by the US Army Corps of Engineers for 1,088 miles between places like Norfolk, Virginia and Miami Florida. The AIWW is authorized to 12 feet deep and 90 feet wide through land cuts and 150 feet in open water areas (capca).
Subunits-Tides, Waves, Currents, Sea Level and Ice Cap Variations, Environmental and Geologic Implications, systems interactions, Economic and Public Policy issues
The tidal salt marshes make vital contributions to the ecosystem in Jamaica Bay. The marshes help spawning processes and are primary nursery for species important to both recreational and commercial uses, providing protection from storm surges, and also removing pollutants and other toxic substances, which as a result, acts as a natural filter, improving the water quality in the bay. Salt marshes are low lying, grasslands that periodically become overwhelmed and drained by high tides. The fish and shellfish nurseries and are also a feeding ground for various species of wildlife in the ecosystem. They support a variety of invertebrates such as mussels, shrimp, oysters and horseshoe crabs that are key elements of the estuarine ecosystem. However, throughout the past few decades, the salt marshes at Jamaica Bay has significantly declined which created a tremendous negative impact on the general public in addition to the deterioration on the living habitats in the area. Many factors contribute to the decline such as sediment depletion, neighboring developments, increased tidal ranges, and especially nitrogen loading from untreated sewage. Although the damages done were unintentional, much of it was occurred due to negligence. As awareness has increased, restoration efforts have escalated as well as various groups respond well to mitigate the losses.
Erosion is when the elements such as wind, water, and ice remove pieces of land. (“What is Coastal Erosion?”) Coastal Erosion takes place when destructive waves wear parts of the coast away. Four ways in which this takes place are corrasion/abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition, and corrosion/solution. (“Internet Geography”) Corrasion/abrasion is when materials are hurled at the base of cliffs through waves. Hydraulic action is when waves hit the base of a cliff and air is compacted, when the wave leaves air is rushed out and often this causes the material to break. Attrition is when the waves cause rocks and pebbles to smash into each other and eventually break into pieces. Finally, Corrosion/solution is when certain types of cliff erode from the result of acids in the sea. (“Internet Geography”) Coastal Erosion is the natural process of taking land away permanently from one place to put it somewhere else. (“What is Coastal Erosion?”) Eroding coastlines are an abundant and important topic because it can change people’s surroundings in a negative way. I would like to address the questions surrounding Coastal Erosion.
5. Kellert, S.R. and E.O. Wilson, editors. 1993 The Biophilia Hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC
There are destructive forces at work against the salt marsh. While a slowly rising sea level has had some effect, the greatest destruction of salt marshes that has taken place is urban and suburban development.
Seffen and Moravichik introduce estuaries by explaining the way the freshwater from rivers flow to the sea and mix with the saltwater. Estuaries are Nature’s water blender because in coastal regions the freshwater from rivers meets the salt water of the ocean and are mixed in several different ways. The diverse mixture of salt water to fresh water creates different habitats with a complex ecosystem. Estuaries are important to the environment as well as the economy. Estuaries have very different temperatures and precipitation averages because of the different regions where they can be found. Keeping estuaries healthy is an important job throughout the world. Estuary biomes are full of surprises (Seffen & Moravichik, 2008).
Semaphore is a classic Adelaide beach supporting many facilities. However, this would not be the case if coastal management was not put into progress. Coastal management is a way of supporting the world’s coasts, by using many techniques from construction of structures in which prevents wave energy from reaching the shore to planned strategies. Factors of this includes; rising sea levels, erosion, long and short term drift, sand movement and marine biology. The importance of coastal management is quite significant as it will help to prevent coastal erosion. In addition to this, without coastal management the world will be affect economically, environmentally as well as socially. Without the strategies involving the management of the coast,
In Nicholas Carr’s novel The Shallows, Carr believes that technology is taking over the way we should think. Anytime a person researches and reads online there is potentially significant damage to the way the human brain processes and retains information. When a person think about looking up information or just looking for something to do, they make a beeline for the Internet. Very few people are willing to pick up a book and start reading it these days, they would rather use digital media or other Network. The Network is very powerful and is getting more powerful each day. Andrew Brown once said “The internet is so big, so powerful, and pointless that for some people it is a complete substitute for life.” (Brown Brainyquotes). Although the Internet easily catches the reader’s eye and has become more common in schools in recent years, the Internet is responsible for decrease of social skills.
In the working world, employers look at everything. They examine any past work experiences, personal traits, and even some personal history. The OCEAN test helps these employers see where a potential employee’s best traits lay. The test is based on a one to fourteen number score for each trait, which are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Our class participated in the OCEAN test in order to see where we stacked up against what employers look for in the working world.
Primary coasts are divided into two categories: submergent and emergent coasts. Submergent coastlines result from a general sea-level rise and crustal subsidence. Most of the eastern United States has submergent coastlines. One example is the Chesapeake Bay. Emergent coastlines result from the land being lifted, either by tectonic activity or rebound from the weight of heavy glaciers, which exposes the former sea bottom bit by bit forming continuously new shoreline.
RISING SEA LEVEL AND ITS MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS/COASTAL WETLANDS BEING MOST VULNERABLE AND THE POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES AND IMPACTS (2 PAGES)
“The sandy beach is a harsh, constantly changing environment,” explained by the UKMCS (2). This is the ocean is constantly moving because of the wind in the earth’s atmosphere (Crawford 4). Along the edge of most coastlines, a commonly found zone is an estuary (Marine Conservation Society (UK) SouthEast 1). This is where brackish waters, an area where freshwater is released and mixed with the ocean’s salt water, is created (1). However, even though there are small amounts of freshwater added, this does not change that the salinity of the ocean is remarkably high.
the the change in sea level is due to a change in the level of land