Municipal Solid Waste Management in India:
In India, according to the Ministry of Environment and Forests "municipal solid waste" includes commercial and residential wastes generated in municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes. In simple words the municipal solid waste can be defined as the waste that is controlled and collected by local authority and municipality. Municipal Solid Waste Management in India falls under the public health and sanitation and hence as per the Indian Constitution is a State responsibility. This service has always been within the public domain until very recently, that the waste management services started being
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Here the worker uses a pushcart with 6 drums for the separate collection of waste. The householder has to collect the dry waste in plastic bags and biodegradable waste in bins. The worker collects the waste and put it in separate bins. This is then transferred into large storage containers, which are designed as per the population density. The same system has been adopted in Chennai and Bangalore. In From these studies, it has been observed that the door to collection method has improved the efficiency of collection of segregated …show more content…
Rag pickers mainly carry out the recycling process in India and they play a vital role in the economy of solid waste recycling process. They feed the need of the intermediary buyers, who, in turn, meet the demand of factories using recyclable solid waste as raw materials. However, the rag pickers do not have sufficient protection and are exposed to waste and sometimes even the hazardous waste present in MSW. A study carried out in 2003 has shown that 75 percent rag pickers have upper and lower respiratory symptoms. Even the quality of the successively recycled products in the informal sector in terms of their (i) physical appearance (ii) polymeric properties (iii) health hazards (for the recyclers and users of such products involved) are in serious question.
Another aspect to be noted is that plastic carry bags and PET do not figure in the list of priorities for rag pickers, because collecting them is not profitable. This is primarily because the rewards do not match the efforts required for collection, and this leads to plastic bags and PET continuing to pose a major threat to the
In many countries the term municipal solid waste (MSW) has different means. Now here in the United States it is commonly known as trash or garbage but in the United Kingdom it would be called refuse or rubbish. It is a waste type consisting of everyday items that people use and then throw away. These things consist of grass clippings, furniture, clothing, batteries, newspapers, food scraps and many other things that are used in our homes, schools, hospitals and businesses (EPA, 2014). It was reported that in 2012 Americans generated almost 251 million tons of trash and only recycled and composted almost 87 million tons (EPA, 2014). Therefore, municipal solid waste is the things we throw away every day.
Solid waste is normally collected in a solid waste area equipped with compartments or containers for each type of waste.
The ordinance prohibits dumping of garbage anywhere other than those recognized and established garbage facilities, dumping of unclean and unsegregated waste, discharging of human dirt along the creeks and rivers, throwing of wastes in creeks, rivers, public places such as roads, sidewalks and establishments, and burning of garbage that are non-biodegradable wastes. It also requires residents to practice separating of wastes. Reusable solid wastes such as bottles, plastics, cellophanes and papers shall be brought to the community material recovery facility duly segregated or directly to the agent-buyers. Non-recyclable materials and special solid wastes will be brought to the material recovery facility, while hazardous wastes or chemicals will be disposed in coordination with concerned government agencies according to prescribed methods. The local government is responsible for collecting reusable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste materials from the material recovery facilities; and transporting them to the recycling centers and or to the municipal material recovery facility. Collection of segregated solid wastes is scheduled per
Collection of waste from community bins is carried out once in 24 hours. There are about 6,300 community dustbins of different designs and construction provided throughout the 5,500 waste collection points in Greater Mumbai for the collection and temporary storage of the all waste other than the debris, silt, etc.,Of the total population of Greater Mumbai, 83 per cent are served by the community bin collection system whereas the Garbage collectors employed by various housing societies manually collect the waste generated at the household level and dump it in the garbage bin at specified street corners.
Satarkar, A. (2008). Hazardous waste control. In Guidelines of environmental pollution and control (pp. 275-283). India: ABD Publishers.
With the population of the city that is ever increasing and that too at a rapid rate, the solid waste generation in Mumbai has also increased rapidly. The BMC looks after the waste generated from the residential and commercial areas along with the waste generated from areas such as institution, hospitals, and construction sites. [4]
There are a number of ways to solve the dilemma of collection and transportation of municipal solid waste. An underground system of conveyor belts to the dump is a possibility. It would cost a lot of money to build, but then only additional costs would be keeping the conveyor belt running. Each house could be connected to one long conveyor belt dug under the road. Every time people needed to take their garbage out they could bring it through their basement through a path onto the conveyor belt.
In India, legally defined waste materials can be categorized into municipal solid waste, bio-medical waste and hazardous industrial waste. A list of waste sources, the type of waste and the applicable laws and regulations has been listed in the following table.
In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tonnes of solid waste, in 1997 it was about 48 million tonnes. More than 25% of the municipal
In India the way of solid waste management is old, technically low and less advanced and inefficient. The way of waste
Solid Waste Management is a process of treating the solid wastes. It includes a variety of solutions for recycling substances that are not trash. It is roughly how garbage is used as a valued resource. Waste management is imperative for every household and businesses all over the world. It safely and efficiently disposes off the foodstuffs and substances that have been used. It also includes solids or semisolids, non-soluble materials (including gases and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse, demolition waste, industrial waste, mining residues, municipal garbage, and sewage sludge. (EPA)
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
The solid wastes are produce not only by households; it’s contributed by hospitals and corporations. Hospitals throw away bandages, use needles and latex gloves, these items hospitals throw away daily all the time because they can’t be reuse for the safety of its patients. Corporations throw away a lot of waste as well such as papers that they use whether in writing or in projects. All of these leftovers after consumptions are waste that is produced by our daily actions.
Efficient waste managing approaches help with reducing and avoiding unpleasant impact on the environment and human health, while allowing financial development and progress in the quality of people’s life. People do not even imagine what is the size and capacity of their activities and the impact they produce on the environment. Garbage is an important ecological problem. It is seems amazing that approximately all of the citizens of the world identify rubbish as a major environmental problem and yet these people still litter. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), an American produces 250 million tons of garbage per year (para.2). There are different circumstances that are based on the society, environmental conditions, occupation and size of each of the different family. As Richmond (2010) stated, if no administration organizations has the responsibility or resources to concentrate their efforts on the waste disposal, then the responsibility to do that is on ...